1.. Discuss how the inability to synthesize insulin and glucagon would impact lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism.
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- 9. Discuss the relationship between glucose, potassium, and insulin.1. Indicate the effect of insulin and glucagon on the following metabolic processes. Write INCREASE or DECREASE. INSULIN GLUCAGON Glycolysis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Protein synthesis Proteolysis Glucose uptake Glucose release 1. 11. 2. 12. 3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 16. 6. 7. 17. 18. 9. 19. 10. 20. II. Indicate whether the following metabolic processes primarily occur during the FED STATE or FASTED STATE, 1. Release of insulin 2. Release of glucagon 3. Glycolysis 4. Glycogenesis 5. Gluconeogenesis 6. Lipogenesis 7. Glycogenolysis 8. Lipolysis 9. Glucose release 10. Glucose uptakeDiscuss the importance of performing chemical tests for reducing sugars in the detection of Diabetes Mellitus and other diseases of carbohydrate metabolism?
- 3. After 12 days of starvation, a man reduced his weight by 4 kg. The doctor prescribed him biochemical blood test to analyze the level of lipids in serum blood. The results showed an elevated level of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Explain the results of the biochemical blood test. For that: a) name the main hormone which manages metabolism during starvation; b) draw the scheme of this hormone action on the adipose tissue; c) name the possible pathways of fatty acids usage in the liver during starvation and write down the proper schemes.Tab. 11. The metabolism of glycogen disturbance Diabetes mellitus Causes Morphological changes in the liver kidney Hereditary carbohydrate dystrophy ( Diseases Localization of glycogen storage3) "Outline the functions of the following hormones in relation to digestion and/or the maintenance of metabolic balance: gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, glucagon and leptin"
- 8. The adipose tissue is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the «clinical obesity» and possible consequences of the discase; b) name the biologically active molecules secreted by the adipose tissue; c) explain how secretion of these molecules changes with development of obesity. 9. A daily dict ofa 55-ycar-old woman, consisted ofa 500 g of carbohydrates, 100g of animal fats and 150 g of proteins, at the background of low physical activity.1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?1. The image below shows how the human body and the endocrine system controls the level of blood sugar. O Increase in blood glucose O Decrease in blood glucose PANCREAS PANCREAS O Glucagon secretion slows O Glucagon secretion increases O Insulin secretion slows Insulin secretion increases glucagon insulin glucagon insulin LIVER MUSCLE FAT CELLS LIVER O Body cells, especially in muscle and adipose tissue, take up and use more glucose. O Cells in liver break down glycogen faster. The released glucose monomers enter blood. Cells in skeletal muscle and liver store glucose in the form of glycogen. O Decrease in blood glucose O Increase in blood glucose (a) Explain how the cells communicate with one another. (b) Using the diagram above, describe the differences between positive and negative feedback. (c) The graph above shows a day in the life of A high school student's typical day consists of eating before 8:00 am, lunch at 12:00 pm, dinner at 6:00 pm, and an evening snack around 10:00 pm.…
- 1. Explain the process and main pathways of steroid hormones synthesis in relation to cholesterol metabolism. 2. Describe three important health disorders or diseases related to abnormal cholesterol metabolism.23. inhibition of gluconeogenesis occurs when a. when the insulin level is low b. when the insulin level is high c. during prolonged starvation d. when the glucagon level is highWhich of the following statements is true regarding carbohydrate in the diabetic diet? a. Low-carbohydrate diets are recommended b. High-fiber, minimally processed carbohydrates should be emphasized O C. Artificial sweeteners should be avoided O d. Simple carbohydrates should be completely eleminated