2.(a) List the number of NADH and FADH2 equivalents formed and the correspondingnumber of ATP equivalents generated by mitochondrial oxidation of one molecule ofCH3(CH2) 12-COSCOANumber of NADH orFADH₂ formedNumber of ATPultimately formedªEnzyme catalyzing the oxidation stepB OxidationAcyl-CoA dehydrogenaseB-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenaseCitric acid cycleIsocitrate dehydrogenasea-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseSuccinyl-CoA synthetaseSuccinate dehydrogenaseMalate dehydrogenaseTotalaThese calculations assume that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces 1.5 ATP per FADH2oxidized and 2.5 ATP per NADH oxidized.GTP produced directly in this step yields ATP in the reaction catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase(p. 516).

The fatty acid with 14 C is called myristic acid. Beta oxidation involves the sequential removal of…

Answered: 2. (a) List the number of NADH and…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4P

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2. 'a) List the number of NADH and FADH2 equivalents formed and the corresponding number or ATP equivalents generated by mitochondrial oxidation of one molecule of CH3(CH2)12-COSCOA Number of NADH or Number of ATP Enzyme catalyzing the oxidation step FADH, formed ultimately formed B Oxidation Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Citric acid cycle Isocitrate dehydrogenase a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Succinyl-CoA synthetase Succinate dehydrogenase Malate dehydrogenase Total "These calculations assume that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces 1.5 ATP per FADH2 oxidized and 2.5 ATP per NADH oxidized. "GTP produced directly in this step yields ATP in the reaction catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (p. 516). For all of the questions below, assume that respiratory activity of mitochondria is supported by CH3(CH2)12-COSCOA in the presence of excess ADP (+ P). (b) How many ATP equivalents will be generated in the presence of the inhibitor rotenone? Give a…
21) Compute the moles of FADH2, NADH, GTP generated and NADPH consumed in the dissimilation of one mole each of the octadecanoic acid and A3.5-ocatadienoic acid thioesters shown below to CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix space. Enter the product yields of electron carriers and GTP and the total yield of ATP after processing mitochondrial electron-transport chain in the tables provided below COAS COAS Product Total Converslon Yield ATP Product Total Conversion Yleld ATP FADH2 1.5 FADH2 1.5 2.5 NADH 2.5 NADH NADPH -2.5 NADPH -2.5 GTP GTP Total ATP Total ATP 8.
Compare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseOutline the mechanisms of both enzymes. Discuss the functions of the coenzymes. List the similarities and the differences between the 2 enzymes. Both are very large membrane bound complexes. What are the advantages of this strategy?How detailed is the enzyme structure known below(It's Pyruvate Dehydrogenase )? What insight(s) does this structural detail give you about the enzyme mechanism.
L What is the difference between the type of oxidation catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and that catalyzed by b-hydroxyCoA dehydrogenase
Some bacteria use the citric acid cycle intermediate, α-ketoglutarate, plusacetyl-CoA, as the starting point for lysine biosynthesis. The first partof this biosynthetic pathway uses the same chemical strategy found inthe citric acid cycle. Propose a four-step pathway for the conversion ofα-ketoglutarate to 2-oxoadipate. Draw the three missing intermediates, andindicate the chemistry involved in each reaction. Include any cofactors thatyou think might be required for specific steps.
There is a proposal that pyrazole could protect against the damaging effects of alcohol on the liver that resultfrom prolonged decrease in the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] caused by the oxidation of alcohol. ( NAD+ isrequired for several key dehydrogenation steps in the pathway of glucose synthase. NADH promotes theaccumulation of fat in the liver cells) Assuming that pyrazole is not toxic and that it is transported to the liver,evaluate its potential as an antidote to liver damage in treating chronic alcoholism. Would it be a reasonabletherapeutical candidate? Explain. Please explain and please don't copy bartleyby answer.
Explain how pyruvate dehydrogenase regulated using covalent modification (E1) of pyuvate dehydrogenase complex can be (phosphorylation or dephosphorylation).

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