21) Compute the moles of FADH2, NADH, GTP generated and NADPH consumed in thedissimilation of one mole each of the octadecanoic acid and A3.5-ocatadienoic acidthioesters shown below to CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix space. Enter the product yields ofelectron carriers and GTP and the total yield of ATP after processing mitochondrialelectron-transport chain in the tables provided belowCOASCOASProductTotalConverslon Yield ATPProductTotalConversion Yleld ATPFADH21.5FADH21.52.5NADH2.5NADHNADPH-2.5NADPH-2.5GTPGTPTotal ATPTotal ATP8.

Lipids are easily soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, ether,…

Answered: 21) Compute the moles of FADH2, NADH,…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics resultsindicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioneddiseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of theelectron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance
In beta oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, ubiquinone (via FAD / FADH2) from the respiratory chain acts as an oxidizing agent in one oxidation step and NAD + as an oxidizing agent in the other oxidation step. Discuss the exchange of ATP per oxygen molecule consumed in the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-COAI in relation to the exchange of ATP perroxygen molecule consumed if only NADH is the electron source for the respiratory chain.
upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of maltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. question: 3. what is the total number of mitochondrial NADH prodcued after pyruvate is acted upon by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
a) Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the breakdown of a molecule of Acetyl- CoA into carbon dioxide and water. The prerequisite is that the entire proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane can be used for ATP production and that the ATP synthase has 6 c-subunits.
What is the encrgy cost of transferring 1 acetyl-CoA across the mitochondrial membrane? Complete the net cquation for the biosynthesis of palmitate in rat liver, starting from mitochondrial acetyl-CoA and cytosolic NADPH, ATP, and Co,. 8 Acetyl-CoAmit) palmitate + 8 CoA + 15 ADP + 15P,+ 14 NADP +2H 8 ADP+8P + 8H 8 CoA +7 ADP+7P +14 NADP 8 COA + 14 NADP + 15 ADP +15P +7H,0
(A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix, assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix? (Hint: Calculate AGO' for the reaction H"IMS > H matris using the relationship AG° = RTInKeg and remembering that pH = -log1o[H*]. Assume that T = 310K (37°C), and R = 8.315x10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1. Show your work and include correct units!)
Calcium is an important regulator of the citric acid cycle. Calcium is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by a Ca²- 2+ uniporter that is driven by the negative potential inside the matrix. Part A Assuming a membrane potential across the inner membrane of 172 mV (inside negative), calculate the ratio of the [Ca2+] in the matrix to that in the cytoplasm ([Ca2+]m/[Ca²+]c) that would exist at equilibrium (i.e., AG = 0). Express your answer using two significant figures. [Ca2+]m [Ca2+] = ΤΟ ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer Part B ? Cytoplasmic [Ca2+] is on the order of 10-7 M in a healthy cell. Based on your answer in Part A, calculate the [Ca2+] that would exist in the matrix at equilibrium. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. ☐ μÅ ? Value Units
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: Present two types of benefits derived from separating the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol from those that occur during the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion.
Recall that beta-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized by the enzyme beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase withsimultaneous reduction of NAD+ to NADH. How might this affect the reduction potential at Complex I in theelectron transport chain? (Note: you will need to use the form of the Nernst equation that uses non-standardconditions.)
Calculate the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of the ketone body 3-hydroxybutryate to 4 CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix. Use P:O ratios of 2.5 for NADH and 1.5 for QH2. Draw the chemical reaction and the movement of electrons (including the enolate intermediate) necessary for the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate to acetone and CO2. (Hint: review the mechanism of step 4 in glycolysis and step 3 in the citric acid cycle). Why is acetoacetate undergoing spontaneous decarboxylation while 3-hydroxybutyrate does not?
(a) Consider the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate by NAD*: malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ In yeast mitochondria, where the pH = 8.1, this reaction is exergonic only at low oxaloacetate concentrations. Assuming a pH = 8.1, a temperature of 37 °C, and the steady-state concentrations given below, calculate the maximum concentration of oxaloacetate at which the reaction will still be exergonic. malate + NAD*→ oxaloacetate + NADH + H* lactate + NAD →→ pyruvate + NADH + H+ half reaction Pyruvate + 2H+ + 2e → lactate Pyruvate + CO₂ + H + 2e → malate Intracellular steady state concentrations: malate = 410 μM; NAD = 20.0 mM; pyruvate = 3.22 mM; NADH = 290 μM; AG=+29.7 kJ/mol AG¹ = +25.1 kJ/mol E° (V) - 0.190 - 0.330 lactate 1.1 mM CO₂ = 15.5 torr
Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) in the inner mitochondrialmembrane catalyzes the reaction NADH + NADP+ → NAD+ + NADPH to generate the NADPH needed for certain reactions that help destroy reactive oxygen species. (a) Explain why the NNT reaction cannot be driven primarily by the diff erence in substrate reduction potentials (Δℰ). (b) In fact, the NNT reaction is driven by proton translocation across the membrane (from outside to inside). How does operation of the transhydrogenase aff ect the effi ciency of oxidative phosphorylation?

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305577206

Author:

Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305577206

Author:

Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS