1)What is a test-cross? 2)Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used to determine the genotype of a specific phenotype? 3)What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?

1)What is a test-cross? 2)Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used to determine the genotype of a specific phenotype? 3)What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter4: Pedigree Analysis In Human Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CS: Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a...

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What is a test-cross? Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used to determine the genotype of a specific phenotype? What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?
In a testcross, the parent that is homozygous recessive for the genes being studied is called the testcross parent. The parent that has the dominant phenotype of the genes being studied is called the non-testcross parent.Which of the following is NOT a reason that a testcross is a useful technique when studying the inheritance of a trait? a. A testcross can determine if an individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous. b. The relative frequencies of the different phenotypes among the testcross progeny can be used to map linked genes. c. Because the testcross parent can contribute only recessive alleles, the alleles contributed by the other parent will be expressed in the offspring of the testcross. d. The gametes produced by the testcross parent are determined from the testcross progeny.
1. Use the below pedigree chart to answer the following questions about dimples. The Dimple gene controls whether a person has dimples or doesn't have dimples. Dimples is dominant to no dimples. Place the genotypes of each individual below its symbol. male female 7 10 11 male femake Dimples gene (D) Dimples is dominant to no dimples 12 13 14 A) How many family members have Dimples? B) What is the genotype of individual #3 and 4? C) Can either individual #8 or 9 be homozygous? C) Explain the family relationship that #12 has with # 2.
raccoons may have wide, medium-sized, or narrow bands around their tails. They may also havethe habit of washing all, or some of their food, or do not wash their food at all. a) assign genotypes to the phenotypes mentioned (see attached table) b. What mode of inheritance would most likely be exhibited by these traits if crosses were made? c. If two raccoons with medium-sized tail bands and have the habit of washing some of theirfoods will be crossed, what is the probability of having F1 raccoons with: c.1 wide tail bands that won’t wash any of their food? c.2 the same genotype as the parent raccoons? d. If a raccoon with a wide tail band that washes only some of its food is crossed with a raccoonwith a narrow tail band that doesn’t wash any food, what percentage of their offspring wouldbe medium-tailed and washes all its food? Show COMPLETE cross.
In the P cross between a homozygous, round pea parent and a homozygous, wrinkled pea parent, which of the following did Mendel either observe or subsequently conclude? Question 5 options: A) All somewhat wrinkled peas in the F1 showed blending inheritance. B) All round F1 peas led Mendel to conclude independent assortment. C) The F2 generation revealed some wrinkled peas, indicating the wrinkled pea form was recessive to the round form. D) Two of the above are correct. E) None of the above is correct. Which of the following is not a trait found in the pea plants that Mendel used in his research? Question 3 options: A) The flowers can be pollinated by hand. B) They are self-pollinating. C) The phenotypes studied are caused by more than two alleles in the population. D) Pure genetic lines can be established. E) All but two of the traits studied have genes that occur on distinct chromosomes.
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?
A cross like this (between two individuals heterozygous for two traits) is often referred to as a "two-point test cross". The expected ratio of phenotypes if the two traits are caused by unlinked genes displaying simple Mendelian dominant inheritance is 9:3:3:1. For this ratio, match each term of the ratio with the appropriate phenotype Wrinkled and green peas 1. 9 Round and yellow peas 2. 3 Round and green peas 3. 1 Wrinkled and yellow peas > >
In a testcross, the parent that is homozygous recessive for the genes being studied is called the testcross parent. The parent that has the dominant phenotype of the genes being studied is called the non-testcross parent.Which of the following is NOT a reason that a testcross is a useful technique when studying the inheritance of a trait? Select one: a. The relative frequencies of the different phenotypes among the testcross progeny can be used to map linked genes. b. A testcross can determine if an individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous. c. The gametes produced by the testcross parent are determined from the testcross progeny. d. Because the testcross parent can contribute only recessive alleles, the alleles contributed by the other parent will be expressed in the offspring of the testcross.
a. What is a complex trait? How many genes do we expect to affect a complex trait? b. How linkage (and linkage disequilibrium) relates to a GWAS?
If you are working with 3 genes/traits of an organism that obeys Mendel's laws of inheritance and perform a standard trihybrid cross, how many of the 8 possible offspring in the F-2 generation do not have a single dominant allele in their genotype?A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D)7 E) 8