Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 38, Problem 22RQ
The muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives. However the neurotransmitter from the previous stimulation is still present in the synapse
The activity of helps to remove this neurotransmitter.
- myosin
- action potential
- tropomyosin
- acetylcholinesterase
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From the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle).
exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential
injection of botulinum toxin
calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae
acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium
active sites on actin a permanently exposed
dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase
calcium cannot bind troponin
The power stroke in muscle contraction is the:
Group of answer choices
product of force and velocity in muscle contraction
transmission of the action potential down the neuron
rotation of the myosin head after the cross bridge forms
transmission of the action potential down the neuron
Which of the following does not occur during the excitation contraction coupling of skeletal muscle?
Opening of ryanodine receptor calcium channels
Calcium binding to troponin
Tropomyosin shifting away from myosin binding sites on the actin
An end plate potential
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 38 - Figure 38.19 Which of the following statements...Ch. 38 - Figure 38.37 Which of the following statements...Ch. 38 - Figure 38.38 The deadly nerve gas Sarin...Ch. 38 - The forearm consists of the radius and ulna radius...Ch. 38 - The pectoral girdle consists of the: clavicle and...Ch. 38 - All of the following are groups of vertebrae...Ch. 38 - Which of these is a facial bone? frontal occipital...Ch. 38 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 38 - The Haversian canal: is arranged as rods or plates...Ch. 38 - The epiphyseal plate: is arranged as rods or...
Ch. 38 - The cells responsible for bone resorption are...Ch. 38 - Compact bone is composed of trabeculae compacted...Ch. 38 - Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become...Ch. 38 - While assembling a skeleton of a new species, a...Ch. 38 - Synchondroses and symphyses are synovial joints...Ch. 38 - The movement of bone away from the midline of the...Ch. 38 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 38 - The elbow is an example of which type of joint?...Ch. 38 - A high ankle sprain iis an injury caused by over...Ch. 38 - In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on...Ch. 38 - The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called a...Ch. 38 - The muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives....Ch. 38 - The ability of a muscle to generate tension...Ch. 38 - Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis of the...Ch. 38 - What are the major differences between the male...Ch. 38 - What are the major differences between the pelvic...Ch. 38 - Both hydrostatic and exoskeletons can protect...Ch. 38 - Scoliosis is a medical condition where the spine...Ch. 38 - What are the major differences between spongy bone...Ch. 38 - What are the roles of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and...Ch. 38 - Thalidomide was a morning sickness drug given to...Ch. 38 - What movements occur at the hip joint and knees as...Ch. 38 - What movements) occur(s) at the scapulae when you...Ch. 38 - Describe the joints and motions involved in taking...Ch. 38 - How would muscle contractions be affected if ATP...Ch. 38 - What factors contribute to the amount of tension...Ch. 38 - What effect will low blood calcium have on...Ch. 38 - Skeletal muscles can only produce a mechanical...
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- Skeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a. calcium ions b. ATP c. arrival of a nerve impulse d. all of the abovearrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardA _______________ is a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmis- sion of nerve stimuli to the muscles. neuromuscular blocker skeletal muscle relaxantarrow_forward
- Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________. the inside of the membrane has become Less negative as sodium ions accumulate the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical chargearrow_forwardNerve impulses first stimulate a skeletal muscle fiber at _______. a. T tubules b. sarcomeres c. neuromuscular junctions d. actin binding sitesarrow_forwardOrder the events leading to muscle contraction. Ca ions bind to troponin myosin binds to actin Nerve cell releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction troponin pulls tropomyosin, exposing the mysoin binding site ATP causing myosin to move (pull) actin toward the center of the cell the sarcolemma membrane depolarizes and triggers the sarcoplamic reticulum to release Ca ionsarrow_forward
- A motor unit associated with the stimulation of skeletal muscle is designated as a 1:8 motor unit. Which of the following statements is correct? The motor unit consists of one somatic neuron and 8 myofibers (muscle fibers) Each of the myofibers in the motor unit is innervated by more than one neuron It is part of the autonomic nervous system The neuron in the motor unit is an afferent neuronarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding summation in skeletal muscle fibers is true? Incomplete tetanus allows complete relaxation between stimulation of successive twitches Complete tetanus does not have any relaxation between stimulation of successive twitches All of these are correct The development of force in a muscle twitch is all or nonearrow_forwardWhat is associated with the formation of a cross-bridge in skeletal muscle? ADP release from myosin ATP binding to myosin ATP hydrolysis Phosphate release from myosin Acetylcholinesterasearrow_forward
- The region of the muscle fiber involved in a neuromuscular junction is called the: Group of answer choices Voltage-gated ion channels Synaptic end bulb Synaptic cleft Motor end plate Synaptic vesiclearrow_forwardAll the following are necessary for a skeletal muscle cell to full relax, except one. Which answer choice is not necessary for a skeletal muscle cell to fully relax? Calcium pumped back into the SR Reuptake of ACh at the neuromuscular junction opening of nicotinic receptors Myosin heads release actin of filamentarrow_forwardWhich of the following does NOT occur in or immediately prior to a muscle contraction? action potential in motor neuron acetylcholine released into synaptic cleft temporary localized changes in the membrane potential of the sarcolemma and t-tubules sacroplasmic recticulum releases acetylcholine active sites on actin molecules are exposed During contraction of a muscle, calcium ions bind to the _______." actin and myosin filaments troponin molecule tropomyosin molecule sarcoplasmic reticulum sarcolemma Which of the following is NOT a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction? triggers neurotransmitter secretion binds with troponin removes contraction inhibitor spreads the depolarization from the neuromuscular junction to the T-tubules The role of tropomyosin in a muscle cell is to ____. all to cell to relax by blocking the binding sites on actin facilitate the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin Interactions between thick and thin filaments during muscle…arrow_forward
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