(a)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the increase in the concentration of
Concept introduction:
In a
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
The equilibrium shifts to left with the increase in the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant,
In this case,
The equilibrium shifts to left if the concentration of
(b)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the increase in the concentration of
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
The equilibrium shifts to left with the increase in the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
In this case,
The equilibrium shifts to left if the concentration of
(c)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the decrease in the concentration of
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
The equilibrium shifts to right with the decrease in the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
In this case,
The equilibrium shifts to right if the concentration of
(d)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the decrease in the concentration of
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
When the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
In this case,
The equilibrium shifts to right if the concentration of
(e)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the addition of solid
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
It does not affect the equilibrium direction if solid
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
Since
If solid
(f)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the addition of solid
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
When the solid
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
The solid
The direction of equilibrium is left if solid
(g)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the addition of solid
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
It does not affect the equilibrium direction if solid
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
From equation (2), there is no affect on the equilibrium direction. When the solid
It does not cause any change in the equilibrium direction if solid
reaction.
(h)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium with the addition of
Concept introduction:
In a chemical reaction, when the rate of both forward and reverse reaction are equal. Then the chemical reaction is in equilibrium. In other words, their concentration does not vary with the time change. They are reversible in nature.
It is represented as
Also, the concentration of liquid and solid is not considered in the equilibrium constant expression.
Answer to Problem 42E
It does not affect the equilibrium direction if
Explanation of Solution
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affect the equilibrium of the reaction.
The reaction is given below.
According to the definition of the equilibrium constant
When
It does not cause any change in the direction of equilibrium if
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium constant temperature given. (a) O2(g)+2F2(g)2F2O(g)(T=100C) (b) I2(s)+Br2(l)2IBr(g)(T=100C) (c) 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(g)+H2O(g)(T=575C) (d) N2O3(g)NO(g)+NO2(g)(T=100C) (e) SnCl4(l)SnCl4(g)(T=200C)arrow_forward5.49. Consider the following equilibrium: What is the effect on the equilibrium of each of the following changes? (You may need to calculate some standard enthalpy or Gibbs energy changes to answer these.) (a) The pressure is increased by decreasing the volume. (b) The temperature is decreased. (c) The pressure is increased by the addition of nitrogen gas, .arrow_forward
- Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction Sn+Pb2+Sn2++Pbarrow_forwardIn a particular experiment, the equilibrium constant measured for the reaction, Cl2(g)+NO2(g)Cl2NO2(g), is 2.8. Based on this measurement, calculate AG° for this reaction. Calculate AG° using data from Appendix E at the back of the book and discuss the agreement between your two calculations.arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forward
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