Ti plasmid

gall”- yet it is more the virally- reminiscent mechanism through which this occurs than the physical deformity itself that is of interest. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is motile and utilizes chemo taxis paired with its intrinsic secret weapon- the Ti plasmid- in order to accomplish gall formation. Not only is the pathogenesis of this bacteria fascinating, but it moreover leaves scientists with the opportunity to employ certain abilities of A. tumefaciens to engineer crops- rendering Agrobacterium tumefaciens

streptomycin were utilized to determine if conjugation had occurred. When plated, the donor colonies appeared red and the recipient colonies appeared white. The transconjugant plates showed red and white colonies. Using alkaline lysis miniprep, a DNA plasmid was isolated from the donor and transconjugant strains and FIGE electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the

since been able to introduce desirable traits in all organisms. With the discovery of plasmids in the late 60’s we have been able to take genetic engineering even further. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules used to amplify and replicate a gene of interest. These minute molecules have the ability to replicate with the chromosome or independently, allowing them to have up to a 100 copies in one cell. Plasmids are important because of their characteristics to transfer genes that occur naturally

observe the formation of biofilms or mutations by transferring a gene to another organism for beneficial or harmful purpose. This could lead to finding resistants or if a gene introduced has any effect on the bacteria. In the experiment, the pGLO plasmid contained encodes the gene for GFP as well as a gene for resistance to an antibiotic allowing a transformation to take place when adding a carbohydrate such as arabinose to the medium. Research has been found on the horizontal gene transfer on how

Introduction: Bacterial transformation is the process of transferring bacteria. This begins with genetic transformation where genes transfer from an organism to another with the help of plasmid. Plasmid contains one or more piece of DNA within bacteria. This technique is used commonly in technology specifically designed for biology usage to enhance the culture around with positive results. It is also used to solve common world problems, such as human insulin and drought resistant crops. In this experiment

same system of genetic information storage e.g. DNA plasmid (Johnsborg et al, 2007). The bacteria E.Coli which are used in the experiment are sensitive to antibiotic, they do not glow and are easily transformed (Dickson, 2008). Bacteria are single celled which increases the result of an uptake of substance, and E.Coli have circular DNA or better known as plasmids. These plasmids can be replicated and passed on to the next generation. The plasmids added to the colonies will be used as the medium for

the efficacy of genetic transformations on bacteria via plasmid DNA coding for ampicillin resistance and green fluorescent protein. Genetic transformation was studied by taking transformed and untransformed Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and placing them on various media to observe gene expression via growth and color under UV light. The transformed E. coli were able to grow on ampicillin while the untransformed E. coli, which lacked the plasmid genes for ampicillin resistance, only grew on nutrient broth

altered due to the introduction of new genetic information which is then incorporated into the organism’s genome. In this lab the pGLO plasmid is introduced into E. Coli bacteria, and incorporates the genes which code for the GFP and beta lactamase to the bacteria’s genome which as a result will be modified. To test the effects of the plasmid, bacteria treated with the plasmid were grown on separate plates, the first containing LB nutrient broth and ampicillin, another containing LB nutrient broth and arabinose

for the product. In the recombination process of making this product, Ecoli plasmid has been used as a vector to insert mph gene into host bacteria. We use a plasmid vector from E.coli that has conserved sequence for Plac promoter and gef suicide gene. Plac promoter is positioned upstream of mph gene to regulate its expression. Later, Plac promoter will be activated by induction with IPTG. A suicide system in E.coli plasmid vector is used to reduce the potential risk of gene escaping into the environment

Introduction Background Bacterial transformation plays a huge role in this lab. Bacterial transformation is the process by which bacterial cells take up naked DNA molecules. If the foreign DNA has an origin of replication recognized by the host cell DNA polymerase, the bacteria will replicate the foreign DNA along with their own DNA. The field of study that uses bacterial transformation as their driving force for research is biotechnology. The lab that was carried out in class is just a very