Sublimation

(Dr. Zhou) 5 marks Briefly describe the important processes in lyophilization and what are the main objectives of “freezing step”? Lyophilization is the process of removing water and/or solvents from a product by the method of sublimation and desorption. By this method, no biological or chemical reaction can happen. The process involved in lyophilization are described as follows: • Pre-treatment Pretreatment involves any method of treating the product prior to the freezing step

1. The goal of the journal is to explain several concepts, many being misunderstandings, of how dry ice is formed, and to use experiments to explain the hypotheses. The author provides explanations to scientific reactions that make fog result from mixing together dry ice and water. Kuntzleman, the author of “A Molecular Explanation of How Fog is Produced When Dry Ice Is Placed in Water”, also explains why various ideas about dry ice are false. He demonstrates his ideas using experiments he says

Review of Literature Salt water and water effect ice in different ways. Water melts ice, but salt water makes ice melt faster. The ice cube, which was solid, turned into water because the air temperature is warmer than the ice. This means that the ice particles gather kinetic energy from the warmer air. The ice particles have enough energy to break apart (melt)into smaller particle arrangements. The ice cube without salt melts because the air around is warmer than 32 degrees F, but a salted cube

Pulmonary drug delivery of peptides and proteins is highly desirable because of many advantages such as rapid and predictable onset of action, high relative bioavailability and non-invasive mode of administration which improves patient compliance. In the current study the effect of sugar carrier type (trehalose as non-reducing and maltose as reducing sugar), hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration (0%, 0.02% and 0.04%) and adding tween 80 as surfactant on physicochemical stability and aerosol

In Ice Age 1 Manny, Sid and Diego walk through ice caves. Sid walks down a different corridor than the others and finds creatures frozen in the ice walls. I tell you this mostly to take up sentences, but it also has a point. Animals and plants fossilize in different ways depending on the habitats they live in. The creatures Sid found are frozen, making them a fossil, but only because of the rapid freezing of the ice age. Fossils; do you know what a fossil is? Don’t answer that, it is a rhetorical

substances from each other using the methods of decantation, extraction, and sublimation. In this lab experiment we used the procedure of decantation after adding water to dissolve the salt so we can then separate the salt water from the sand. We also used the procedure extraction by heating the mixture of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and then extracting the sodium chloride (NaCl) with the water. The process of sublimation was used in this experiment by letting the mixture heat under the flume hood

lack of residue when compared to other cooling agents. However, while it is advantageous, it is also more dangerous. Sublimation of dry ice in an enclosed container can quickly change the composition of the air by increasing the amount of CO2. Biologically, humans produce CO2 as a waste product and require oxygen (O2) for proper respiration. It stands to reason then that the sublimation of dry ice is dangerous to humans due to the environment changing to be abundant with CO2, which in turn produces

and this theory is one of a few I believe reflect her actions. Previously discussed, the defense mechanisms are a way for a person express their needs that are not met. Out of all of the defense mechanisms Freud would lean more towards the sublimation. Sublimation is taking out the feelings and directing it towards a more socially acceptable action (Feist et al, 2013). As for the observation, the action of her bouncing her leg up and down on that bed was the socially acceptable action instead of exposing

Sublimation is a defense mechanism that is used when a person experiences times of great anxiety. And, it is defined as the transformation of socially undesirable impulses into socially acceptable activities. Everyone sublimates in his/her lives. In times of distress, the public seeks an outlet for their emotions through popular culture. Popular culture is the medium through which people escape the wild emotions of a traumatic event. It is used to elude feelings of anxiety characterized through

In our lab we measured the rate of sublimation of dry ice. We have to experiment on how dry ice goes from a solid to gas by measuring the temps of each sample of dry ice with a different amount of water. Measurements are important in this lab to record accurate data to confirm which variables affect the rate of sublimation of dry ice. In our experiment we measured the temperature(dependent variable) of dry ice in different volumes of of water. The materials were dry ice, beaker, thermometer