NADH dehydrogenase

A. Metabolic Pathway Lactate Dehydrogenase is involved in The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is involved in the metabolic pathway lactic fermentation. There are two types of lactic acid fermentation classified based on products (). While both types produce molecules that can be used by the cell for energy such as ATP, other products vary. The first type is called homolactic fermentation and only produces lactate. The second type is called heterolactic fermentation and produces lactate as well as carbon

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a large and complex molecule with interesting structural, catalytic and regulatory properties. It is the first component enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contributes to transforming pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration, so pyruvate dehydrogenase contributes to linking the glycolysis metabolic pathway to

That product is unstable and spontaneously decarboxylases into a-Ketoglutarate. In this step, NADH also becomes NAD. DeltaG: -11.6. Irreversible Step Five: Succinyl-CoA The a-Ketoglutarate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, loses a CO2 molecule and is then catalyzed by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and becomes succinyl-CoA. In the process, a NAD+ molecules becomes an NADH molecule. DeltaG: -33.5. Irreversible. Step Six: Succinate Succinyl-CoA synthetase is catalyzedto form

Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is found in most living organisms which catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvic acid. It converts NAD+ to NADH and back again. Pyruvate is converted to lactate when oxygen isn’t present and the reverse reaction takes place (Wikipedia). There are two major subunits of lactate dehydrogenase which are the M form and the H form. The M form, major subunit in muscles, is efficient in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. The H form, major subunit in the heart

BI532: Skills for Bioscientists 2 Mini Project 2 report Effect on the velocity Alcohol Dehydrogenase on different alcohols under different conditions Abstract The effect on the velocity of Alcohol dehydrogenase producing an acetaldehyde was measured under different conditions to analyse the properties of the enzyme as well as the concentration the enzymes have the best rates. The velocity of alcohol dehydrogenase was measured against different substrates such as ethanol, propanol and propan-2-ol and

Living organisms need to make energy from food in order to allow rapid cell reproduction and maintain life. Glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are utilized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a coenzyme used for an energy carrier. The primary source of carbon and energy for humans and most eukaryotes is glucose [1]. But, since it is polar in nature, glucose cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane’s lipid bilayer. This causes the need for glucose to be transported by a glucose transporter

to occur where fatty acid chains split into several molecules of acetyl-coA, yielding one NADH and one FADH2. This process involves the removal of two carbons from the carboxyl chain leading to a fatty acyl-coA chain two carbons shorter through four reactions. In reaction 1, oxidation dehydrogenation occurs converting fatty acyl-coA to trans-Δ2-enoyl-coA. This is catalyzed by the enzyme acyl-coA-dehydrogenase and electrons are transferred to FAD , reducing it to FADH2. Reaction 2 is catalyzed by enoyl-coA-hydratase

Cellular respiration is a process that occurs in mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. It allows for cells to produce energy, more specifically ATP, in order for them to survive. Cellular respiration is defined as “a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate” (Bailey). It involves “both aerobic and anaerobic respiration” but usually is referred to as “aerobic respiration” (Notes). During this process, food molecules such as glucose react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

aspects of cellular functions such as cell proliferation, cell migration, gene expression and cell death [6]. Generally, there are thought to be three main pathways for the generation of ROS during ischemia-reperfusion injury: conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and uncoupling

1. CO2 is released during cellular respiration. All the radioactive 14C atoms in the labelled glucose and fructose are released in the form of CO2 during oxidative decarboxylation. At the end of glycolysis, glucose and fructose are converted to pyruvate, releasing a molecule of radiolabelled CO2 per substrate. Each molecule of pyruvate is then oxidised to acetyl CoA in the Link reaction, releasing another molecule of radiolabelled CO2. Afterwards, acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes