Micro combined heat and power

International Standard ISO 14040 described the levels of an LCA as follows: • Goal and scope definition • Inventory analysis • Impact assessment • Interpretation of results Figure 7.1 Phases of a LCA study (ISO, 2006) 7.1 Life cycle assessment and micro CHP systems There are only a few studies at present that focus on LCA of SOFC implemented systems (Staffell & Green 2012; Giannopoulos & Founti 2011a; Pehnt 2001; Pöschl et al. 2010; Patterson et al. 2011; Lunghi et al. 2004). The majority of them

Inefficiencies and environmental issues associated with conventional power plants provide the drive for developments in ‘‘on-site’’ and ‘‘near-site’’ power generation. Combined, heating, and power (CHP) systems can possibly increase resource energy efficiency and reduce air pollutant emissions noticeably. CHP systems produce both electric and thermal energy, changing over 75– 80% of the fuel source into useful energy [International Energy Agency (IEA), 2008]. International Energy Agency (IEA) reported

scale power generation. AUTHOR: AYOBAMI FALANA SUPERVISOR: Dr. MIKE RISTIC Abstract Microgeneration is the small-scale production of heat and electricity, traditionally from low-carbon sources. A study suggested that by 2050, microgeneration could provide 30–40% of the UK 's electricity needs and help reduce annual household carbon emissions by 15%. (DTI, 2005). Microgeneration addresses some of the fundamental problems with the centralised system that we presently use to generate power, and

Economic and Environmental integration and optimization of biomass based CHP and micro CHP into HVAC systems, using life cycle assessment methodology Global climate change, a growing population, decreasing availability of fossil fuels increasing environmental and economic concerns regarding energy use are driving forces towards more sustainable ways of responding to energy demands (Li et al., 2011). Energy consumption is widely increasing all around the world resulting in rising of the energy price

comparison to the conventional centralized large-scale power plant, the DES shows great advantages by offering end users a diversified energy supply, higher power efficiency, lower transmission and distribution losses and lower pollutant emissions. DES typically is a suite of on-site grid-connected or stand-alone energy system and has various types such as combined cooling, heating, and power plant (CCHP), biomass-fueled plant, solar power plant and wind power plant et al [1][2]. It is widely applicable in

engines, gas turbines, microturbines, photovoltaic, F.C(fuel cell), wind-power. Most emerging technologies such as micro-turbines, photovoltaic, F.C’s, gas internal combustion engines with permanent magnet generator require an inverter to interface with electrical distribution system, These emerging technologies have lower emissions, potential to have lower cost negating traditional economies of scale.All applications include power support at substations, deferral of T&D upgrades, onsite generating.

1 Introduction Global climate change, a growing population, decreasing availability of fossil fuels increasing environmental and economic concerns regarding energy use are driving forces towards more sustainable ways of responding to energy demands (Li et al., 2011). Energy consumption is widely increasing all around the world resulting in rising of the energy price and global environmental problems. It is estimated that the world energy consumption will increase from 522 EJ in 2006 to 570 EJ in

demand, fight against climatic changes and increasing trends towards massive urbanization. The first challenge of ever mounting demands results in continuous depletion of traditional power generation sources; these are centralized power generation like thermal power plants i.e. combustion (coal, oil, natural), nuclear power plants etc. and are not suited for environmental and cost issues. The second challenge relates to the regulation of Greenhouse gas emission. These gases are responsible for increasing

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1.1 Introduction Heat drying has an important role in industrial processing. It uses conventional drying processes such as conduction, infrared radiation or convection, and a heat drying process utilizing microwave energy which is a better solution in many problems in process technology. Microwave (MW) drying is a rapid dehydration technique that can be applied to specific foods. Increasing concerns over product quality and production costs have motivated the

UK government’s policies such as FITs scheme encourage consumers to produce renewable energy from micro-generators. It is being achieved by offering long-term contracts for energy generated from renewable sources. It accelerates technological development but also the number of new micro-generators connected to the grid therefore percentage of renewable energy supplied into the grid. The new UK’s power supply mix may implicate new engineering challenges that we will have to face in the future. One