INTRODUCTION . Centralization of generation facilities give way to smaller, more distributed generation partially due to loss of traditional economies of scale.Penetration of distributed generation across U.S has not yet reached significant levels. However that situation is changing rapidly, requires attention to issues related to high penetration of distributed generation within the distribution system.Distributed generation encompasses wide range of prime mover technologies, such as IC engines, gas turbines, microturbines, photovoltaic, F.C(fuel cell), wind-power. Most emerging technologies such as micro-turbines, photovoltaic, F.C’s, gas internal combustion engines with permanent magnet generator require an inverter to interface with electrical distribution system, These emerging technologies have lower emissions, potential to have lower cost negating traditional economies of scale.All applications include power support at substations, deferral of T&D upgrades, onsite generating. Indiscriminant application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. better way to realize emerging potential of distributed generation is to take system approach which views generation, associated loads as subsystem or “microgrid”. This approach allows for local control of distributed generation thereby reducing or eliminating need for central dispatch. During disturbances, generation, corresponding loads can separate from distribution system to isolate
Escalating costs played a major role in the diminishing number of power plants in the United States. (Cohen, 1990). Plants completed in the 1970’s carried an average price tag of $170
Currently, the energy (electricity generation) sector in Canada is facing a major crisis, which is the fear of running out of world’s natural resources to produce electricity. Even though the Canadian government is promoting renewable resources, it will take a long time to establish a network that is completely dependent on renewable resources. In the meantime, the population of Canada is growing drastically and cities such as Toronto is struggling to meet the rising demand for electricity due to urbanization.
Convenient electric power allows for a no mess, no fuss operation, eliminating the need of
The United States has an extremely well developed and maintained power grid which in its current state is configured primarily for non-renewable power generation. As the cost of green power comes down there will be an increasing amount of green power generation on the grid. This new, cleaner source of energy unfortunately has disadvantages that more traditional methods of power generation don’t suffer from, namely consistently. Photo-voltaic cells will only work when the sun is shining and wind turbines only spin when wind is present. I will be examining the readiness for renewable power of the power grid within the United States as well as investigating improvements that would allow for a larger national power generation percentage of renewable
According to the case study written by Jurek, Bras, Guldberg, D’Arcy, Oh, and Biller, energy costs were steadily rising and were predicted to continue this trend going into the future. At the same time, utility companies were beginning to implement Smart Grid technologies to increase the efficiency of energy distribution. One resulting program to emerge from
Energy deregulation has been adopted by many states over the past several years as a way to allow for multiple energy providers to compete for customers based on price and a higher level of customer service, break the utility monopoly into separate companies or business unit that separate the "monopoly
Recently interest in Distributed Energy Systems (DES) is increasing, particularly onsite generation. This interest is because larger power plants are economically unfeasible in many regions due to increasing system and fuel costs, and more strict environmental regulations. In addition, recent technological advances in small generators, Power Electronics, and energy storage devices have provided a new opportunity for distributed energy resources at the distribution level, and especially, the incentive laws to utilize renewable energies has also encouraged a more decentralized approach to power
GIS is critical to the utilities industry in the US. It allows them to perform mundane tasks that they are required to perform with new levels of ROI (return on investment), safety, and man-hour efficiency. It also allows them to save the taxpayer a substantial sum of money yearly, and also the ability to remain profitable while billing for less. In this paper, I will first discuss some of the basic ways that the utilities industry in the US is using GIS to achieving all of these things, then into each part of the electrical utilities industry and then delve into some of the more technical items used by the industry and their function within the industry as a whole. Geography, as defined in the Cambridge dictionary is “ the study of features and systems of the earth’s surface, including continents, mountains, seas, weather, and plant life, and of the ways in which countries and people organize life within an area.”(3) Therefore, I think it is important to define the history of electricity to give perspective, and its physical properties on a smaller scale to help understand larger concepts from a power engineering perspective. Unfortunately, there is a lot of relevant information to cover before GIS is brought into fruition.
AEP SWEPCO serves a vast market in the electric utilities industry. The energy industry, comes with a host of serious risks that need to be managed, and AEP SWEPCO is no exception. The energy industry is difficult, if not impossible to predict. The corporate risk assessment below discusses AEP’s past and present business, as well as identifies risks and strategies on how to mitigate and manage them.
Voltage control and reactive power compensation in a distribution network with embedded wind energy conversion system (WECS) represent main concern of this paper. The WECS is of a fixed speed/constant frequency type that is equipped with an induction generator driven by an unregulated wind turbine. The problem is viewed from short term (10 seconds) and mid-term (10 minutes) time domain responses of the system to different wind speed changes. Being disturbed by a variable wind speed, the WECS injects variable active and reactive power into the distribution network exposing nearby consumers to excessive voltage changes. In the FACTS-based solution
D. Card et al.(2007)[33] This paper presents a review on distributed generation planning in the distribution power system networks from different power system performances such as minimization of real and reactive power loss
The aim of this paper is to replace traditional components like diesel generators which are used to generate power in a microgrid with renewable energy sources for an Air-force field deployable hospital (AFFDH). In this paper we assume that Air-force field deployable hospital consumes approximately 70KVA of peak power. ETAP software is used to operate for island and grid connected mode and also load flow and short circuit analysis are performed on the system for variety of load and fault scenarios.
Abstract—Basic guidelines for the preparation of a technical paper for an IEEE Power & Energy Society Conference are presented. This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, headings, etc.] are already defined, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. The abstract is limited to 150 words and cannot contain equations, figures, tables, or references. It should concisely state what was done, how it was done, principal results, and their significance.
Electric Utilities are a vital industry to the overall economy, and to our very way of life. Keeping the lights on, is for many people, the reason they go to work, that along with food, and other necessities. Therefore these companies serve a very important role, and just like other industries there is competition. Specifically, for our purposes, the electric utilities industry I’m going to focus on is the transmission of power from a generator, to a distribution center, another utilities company, or the final consumer. The key economic drivers, in this industry revolve, as always, around demand. Therefore consumption, number of households, price of electricity, manufacturing capacity and public capital investments are all derived from the demand coming from the end users, in the economy (IBISworld). These metrics are a result of a heavily regulated market, in which the consumers, and therefore its agent, the government, hold most of the power in this industry. Electric power transmission is a mature industry in the United States, and its projected growth over the next ten years is a modest 1.2% (Morningstar). This industry will be examined as a whole and then comparatively, as I inspect companies performing in this sector and their relative performance.
“Non-solar PV Tier I % = New Tier I MWh generation/Electric Distribution Companies (EDC) and Electric Generation