Elastase

Supervisor: Dr Sukhvinder S. Bansal In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MSc Biopharmaceuticals degree, King’s College London August 2015 Abstract Elafin is an anti-inflammatory peptide which specifically inhibits neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3 that would otherwise result in excessive inflammation and tissue damage. It has 57 amino acid residues and two functional domains; the C-terminus which is a globular whey acid protein (WAP) and the N-terminus which binds to transglutaminase

Biology Professor Tornieri November 17, 2016 Abstract: This paper discusses the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD), which is a deficiency of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) in the plasma. This protein helps prevent damage caused by neutrophil elastase, which fights against infection. The hereditary condition will be explained along with each of the alleles involved in the genes, Z, M, and S. AAT can be found on chromosome 14. AATD causes symptoms such as: cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uomSwzQe3eYEYgROtP2_rsJ0d1un3LPH9T2WEHmRXfo/edit?ts=58210f92 Materials and Methods The stool specimens and blood samples were collected from both 48 diabetic patients (between June 2009 and October 2009) and 24 healthy people (between July 2009 and October 2009). Patient group consisted of 22 to 82 years old 18 males and 30 females with 10 T1DM and 38 T2DM, whereas the control group had 25 to 76 years old 4 males and 20 females without diabetes or any acute/chronic

Thrombomodulin release and endothelial cell injury in Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of immune complexes (ICs), which contain a complex mixture of autoantigens nucleic acids, nucleic acids-associated proteins and corresponding autoantibodies (Sun et al., 2013) . In SLE, the circulating ICs are deposited in the vascular walls of multiple organs and activate the complement pathways. The resulting complement products stimulate leucocytes to

other cells like macrophages, lung epithelium, and monocytes. It reaches the lungs by diffusion during systemic circulation. It provides more than 90% of the defence against the elastolytic activity in the lower respiratory tract posed by neutrophil-elastase (NE). Human α1AT is a hydrophilic and tissue diffusible, medium-sized (6.7×3.2 nm) circulating glycoprotein. It has a blood half-life of 4-5 days. The human body is capable of producing approximately 34mg kg-1 day-1 of α1AT, resulting in a high plasma

methods for diagnosing EPI. Over the last decades, there has been a change in diagnostic approach for EPI from the unreliable qualitative stool test and the cumbersome 72-hour fecal fat collection, to the more sensitive, but less specific, fecal elastase test and 13C-MTG breath test, which unfortunately perform inadequately in patients with mild to moderate EPI. If physicians would know when to test for EPI using improved standardized diagnostics with better sensitivity and specificity, this may

It seems that innate and adaptive immune system cooperate with each other to manifest respiratory symptoms in COPD patients. Actually, irritant substances such as inhaled cigarette smoke induce and activate macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, which belong to the innate immune system as well as epithelial cells in lungs. Activation of these cells causes release of substances called chemotactic cells, for instance, C‑chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) that leads to attracting inflammatory cells

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is progressively common amongst patients within the United States. The disease is more common in patients with a long smoking history. Inflammatory changes are largely responsible for the development and symptoms of COPD. COPD is typically managed according to classification of severity based on the GOLD guidelines. Anoro Ellipta is a new once daily FDA approved drug. It is a combination of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting b2-agonist

indirectly by anti HLA class II . After being activated, either directly or indirectly, neutrophils release a neutrophil activating substance. Once other neutrophils are activated the produce reactive oxygen substances and release enzymes, such as elastase. Elastase causes the endothelium to become more permeable for plasma constituents, ultimately leading to pulmonary edema. The non immune mechanism relies on the patient’s pre existing condition as an underlying factor in the onset of TRALI. There

application. Increased production of bronchial secretion is an important part of the pathogenesis of COPD exacerbations [58]. Excess secret airway when COPD can be due to either its excessive production of goblet cells due to stimulation of neutrophil elastase and / or free radicals, or lack of impaired mucociliary clearance [59]. That is increased bronchial inflammation causes to increased amounts (Hypersecretion) and changing the composition and biophysical properties (Dyscrinia) airway secretion [60]