Amino acid

Functionalization of amino acid derived synthetic macromolecules is a versatile approach to assimilate a wide range of material functionalities within a single system. Introduction of functional moieties within a polymer chain can be happen via several ways: i) via direct polymerization of functional monomers, ii) Random or block copolymerization of the entities with other functional groups, iii) via post-polymerization method followed by covalent attachment of functional groups within polymer sequence

arachidonic acid, taurine, and arginine cannot be synthesized by cats and must be obtained from the diet. Arachidonic acid is a fatty acid, without it, felines may experience reproductive failure and difficulty clotting blood, making it difficult to heal wounds(Zaghini & Biagi, 2005). Taurine is an amino acid found as a free compound in animal tissues. A taurine deficiency in cats can lead to blindness as the retina degenerates (Zaghini & Biagi, 2005). Arginine is also an amino acid, and plays a

The physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of proteins may be refined by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis, which generates free amino acids and abundant short peptides with less salt and carcinogenic compounds (Weir, 1992). Significantly milder conditions are employed: The pH is typically maintained at pH 5–7 corresponding to optimum enzyme activity and the hydrolytic process occurs at 50–60°C for 10–24 h, which minimizes unwanted side reactions (Clemente, 2000). Proteins are only partially hydrolysed

serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during translation. Translation is the process of a protein that is synthesized from information contained by a molecule of messenger RNA. In translation mRNA defined is translated into a 20 letter code of amino

found in molecules consisting of amino acids. In the center of every amino acid is an α-carbon with an amino group, a carboxy group, a hydrogen, and a side chain group (R-group) attached to it. The difference in side chain groups (R-groups) is what distinguishes the different amino acids. If an amino acid has a positively charged (+) side-chain, it is a basic amino acid. If an amino acid has a negatively charged (-) side-chain, it is a acidic amino acid. If an amino acid has a polar side-chain its categorized

nucleic acids. They each play an important role in the synthesis and maintenance of cells. Lipids Lipids are organic compounds such as fats, natural oils, waxes and steroids. They are amphiphilic thus construct structures like vesicles and cell membranes in damp environments. Main functions of lipids are cell signaling, formation of cell membranes and energy storage. (Fahy 2009) There are three main types of lipids found in cells these include fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids. Fatty acids are

a specific amino acid. For example, CAG codes for the amino acid Glutamine and TAT codes for the amino acid Tyrosine. A codon is the base triplets on the mRNA. Each is a copy of the base triplets on the DNA coding strand but in place of the base thymine there is the base uracil (1). Anticodon is a complimentary sequence to the codon base triplets found in mRNA (it is a mirror image). When the mRNA has passed through s pore in the nuclear envelope and arrived at a ribosome, amino acids are brought

synthtaseses attach an amino acid to the transfer RNA. A specific aminoacyl transfer RNA synthestase binds a specific amino acid and a molecule of Adenosine triphosphate to the active site. The bond is broken between the amino acid and Adeonsine monophosphate and the Adenosine monophosphate is then released. At the same time, a covalent bond is formed between the amino acid and the 3’ end of the transfer RNA. A specific transfer RNA has an anticodon that corresponds to the amino acid then binds to the

a dangerous condition in which over saturation of amino acids in the blood can lead to toxicity progressing to encephalopathy, neurodegeneration, coma or respiratory failure. the etiology of the genetic disease, the mechanism of the genetic disease (if known) MSUD results from a malfunction of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD). This complex produces enzymes necessary for the proper breakdown of common amino acids such as valine, leucine and isoleucine found

D1 task 1; protein synthesis Transcription: DNA consists of two strands. One is the coding strand and the other is the template stand. In transcription there is an enzyme called RNA polymerase that ‘unzips’ the two strands. This allows RNA nucleotides (uracil, adenine, guanine and cytosine) to enter the DNA and connect to the corresponding DNA nucleotides (thymine, adenine, guanine and cytosine) on the template strand. After the nucleotides have been paired, phosphodiester bonds, bond the RNA nucleotides