Exploring Earth Science - 1st Edition - by Stephen Reynolds, Julia Johnson - ISBN 9780078096143

Exploring Earth Science
1st Edition
Stephen Reynolds, Julia Johnson
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN: 9780078096143

Solutions for Exploring Earth Science

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Chapter 1.11 - What Is Earth’s Place In The Solar System?Chapter 1.12 - How Do We Approach Earth Science Problems?Chapter 1.13 - How Do We Develop Scientific Explanations?Chapter 1.14 - How Do Scientific Ideas Get Established?Chapter 1.15 - Connections: How Are Earth-system Processes Expressed In The Black Hills And In Rapid City?Chapter 2.1 - What Is The Difference Between A Rock And A Mineral?Chapter 2.2 - How Are Minerals Put Together In Rocks?Chapter 2.3 - How Do We Distinguish One Mineral From Another?Chapter 2.4 - What Controls A Crystal’s Shape?Chapter 2.5 - What Causes Cleavage In Minerals?Chapter 2.6 - How Are Minerals Classified?Chapter 2.7 - What Is The Crystalline Structure Of Silicate Minerals?Chapter 2.8 - What Are Some Common Silicate Minerals?Chapter 2.9 - What Are Some Common Nonsilicate Minerals?Chapter 2.10 - What Are The Building Blocks Of Minerals?Chapter 2.11 - How Do Atoms Bond Together?Chapter 2.12 - How Do Chemical Reactions Help Minerals Grow Or Dissolve?Chapter 2.13 - What Are Mineral Deposits And How Do They Form?Chapter 2.14 - Connections: How Are Minerals Used In Society?Chapter 3.1 - How Do Rocks Form?Chapter 3.2 - What Can Happen To A Rock?Chapter 3.3 - Where Do Clasts Come From?Chapter 3.4 - What Are The Characteristics Of Clastic Sediments?Chapter 3.5 - What Are Some Common Sedimentary Rocks?Chapter 3.6 - Why Do Sedimentary Rocks Have Layers?Chapter 3.7 - What Textures Do Igneous Rocks Display?Chapter 3.8 - What Are Common Igneous Rocks?Chapter 3.9 - What Are Some Metamorphic Features?Chapter 3.10 - What Are Metamorphic Processes And Rocks?Chapter 3.11 - Connections: How Are Diff Erent Rock Types Expressed In Landscapes?Chapter 4.1 - How Do We Infer The Relative Ages Of Events?Chapter 4.2 - What Is The Significance Of An Unconformity?Chapter 4.3 - How Are Ages Assigned To Rocks And Events?Chapter 4.4 - What Are Fossils?Chapter 4.5 - How And Why Did Living Things Change Through Geologic Time?Chapter 4.6 - How Was The Geologic Timescale Developed?Chapter 4.7 - What Is The Evidence For The Age Of Earth?Chapter 4.8 - How Did Earth Form And Change Over Time?Chapter 4.9 - What Were Some Milestones In The Early History Of Life On Earth?Chapter 4.10 - What Were Some Milestones In The Later History Of Life On Earth?Chapter 4.11 - How Do We Study Ages Of Landscapes?Chapter 4.12 - Connections: What Is The History Of The Grand Canyon?Chapter 5.1 - What Is Inside Earth?Chapter 5.2 - What Are The Major Features Of Earth?Chapter 5.3 - Why Do Some Continents Have Matching Shapes?Chapter 5.4 - Where Do Earthquakes And Volcanoes Occur?Chapter 5.5 - What Causes Tectonic Activity To Occur In Belts?Chapter 5.6 - What Happens At Divergent Boundaries?Chapter 5.7 - What Happens At Convergent Boundaries?Chapter 5.8 - What Happens Along Transform Boundaries?Chapter 5.9 - How Does Seafloor Vary From Place To Place?Chapter 5.10 - What Features Occur Along Mid-ocean Ridges?Chapter 5.11 - How Do Oceanic Islands, Seamounts, And Oceanic Plateaus Form?Chapter 5.12 - What Are The Characteristics And History Of Continental Hot Spots?Chapter 5.13 - How Do Plates Move And Interact?Chapter 5.14 - How Is Paleomagnetism Used To Determine Rates Of Seafloor Spreading?Chapter 5.15 - Connections: Why Is South America Lopsided?Chapter 6.1 - How Does Magma Form?Chapter 6.2 - How Does Magma Move?Chapter 6.3 - What Is And Is Not A Volcano?Chapter 6.4 - What Controls The Style Of Eruption?Chapter 6.5 - What Hazards Are Associated With Volcanoes?Chapter 6.6 - What Volcanic Features Consist Of Basalt?Chapter 6.7 - What Are Composite Volcanoes And Volcanic Domes?Chapter 6.8 - What Disasters Were Caused By Composite Volcanoes And Volcanic Domes?Chapter 6.9 - What Are Calderas?Chapter 6.10 - What Types Of Volcanism And Other Igneous Processes Occur Along Plate Boundaries?Chapter 6.11 - How Do Large Magma Chambers Form And How Are They Expressed In Landscapes?Chapter 6.12 - How Are Small Intrusions Formed And Expressed In Landscapes?Chapter 6.13 - What Areas Have The Highest Potential For Volcanic Hazards?Chapter 6.14 - Connections: What Volcanic Hazards Are Posed By Mount Rainier?Chapter 7.1 - What Is Deformation And How Is It Expressed In Landscapes?Chapter 7.2 - How Are Fractures Expressed In Landscapes?Chapter 7.3 - How Are Folds Expressed In Landscapes?Chapter 7.4 - What Is An Earthquake?Chapter 7.5 - How Does Faulting Cause Earthquakes?Chapter 7.6 - How Do Earthquake Waves Travel?Chapter 7.7 - How Do We Determine The Location And Size Of An Earthquake?Chapter 7.8 - Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?Chapter 7.9 - What Causes Earthquakes Along Plate Boundaries And Within Plates?Chapter 7.10 - How Do Earthquakes Cause Damage?Chapter 7.11 - How Does A Tsunami Form And Cause Destruction?Chapter 7.12 - What Were Some Recent Large Earthquakes?Chapter 7.13 - What Were Some Major North American Earthquakes?Chapter 7.14 - Connections: What Is The Potential For Earthquakes Along The San Andreas Fault?Chapter 8.1 - Why Are Some Regions High In Elevation?Chapter 8.2 - Where Do Mountain Belts And High Regions Form?Chapter 8.3 - How Do Local Mountains Form?Chapter 8.4 - Where Do Basins Form?Chapter 8.5 - How Do Mountains And Basins Form At Convergent Continental Margins?Chapter 8.6 - How Does Continental Extension Occur?Chapter 8.7 - What Features Characterize The Interiors And Margins Of Continents?Chapter 8.8 - How Do Marine Salt Deposits Form?Chapter 8.9 - How Do Reefs And Coral Atolls Form?Chapter 8.10 - How Do Continents Form And Grow?Chapter 8.11 - How Did The Continents Join And Split Apart?Chapter 8.12 - Connections: How Do Oil And Natural Gas Form?Chapter 9.1 - What Can We Observe In Landscapes?Chapter 9.2 - How Does Physical Weathering Affect Earth’s Surface?Chapter 9.3 - How Does Chemical Weathering Affect Earth’s Surface?Chapter 9.4 - How Does The Type Of Earth Material Influence Weathering?Chapter 9.5 - How Do Climate, Slope, Vegetation, And Time Influence Weathering?Chapter 9.6 - How Is Weathering Expressed?Chapter 9.7 - How Are Landscapes Eroded?Chapter 9.8 - How Do Landscapes Record Transport And Deposition By Gravity, Streams, Ice, And Waves?Chapter 9.9 - How Do Landscapes Record Transport And Deposition By Wind?Chapter 9.10 - How Do Arches And Natural Bridges Form?Chapter 9.11 - How Do Caves Form?Chapter 9.12 - What Is Karst Topography?Chapter 9.13 - Connections: What Formed Diverse Landscapes Of The Rocky Mountains Of Colorado?Chapter 10.1 - What Is Soil?Chapter 10.2 - How Important Are Water And Organics In Soil?Chapter 10.3 - How Does Soil Form?Chapter 10.4 - How Do Terrain, Parent Material, Vegetation, And Time Affect Soil Formation?Chapter 10.5 - What Are The Major Types Of Soil?Chapter 10.6 - What Types Of Soils Are Most Influenced By Their Climate?Chapter 10.7 - What Other Factors Control The Formation And Distribution Of Soils?Chapter 10.8 - What Are The Causes And Impacts Of Soil Erosion?Chapter 10.9 - What Controls The Stability Of Slopes?Chapter 10.10 - How Do Slopes Fail?Chapter 10.11 - How Does Material On Slopes Fall And Slide?Chapter 10.12 - How Does Material Flow Down Slopes?Chapter 10.13 - Where Do Slope Failures Occur In The U.s.?Chapter 10.14 - Connections: How Do We Assess The Risk For Problem Soils And Future Slope Failures?Chapter 11.1 - What Are Glaciers?Chapter 11.2 - How Do Glaciers Form, Move, And Vanish?Chapter 11.3 - How Do Glaciers Erode, Transport, And Deposit?Chapter 11.4 - What Are The Landforms Of Alpine Glaciation?Chapter 11.5 - What Are The Landforms Of Continental Glaciation?Chapter 11.6 - What Features Are Peripheral To Glaciers?Chapter 11.7 - What Happened During Past Ice Ages?Chapter 11.8 - What Starts And Stops Glaciations?Chapter 11.9 - What Processes Occur Along Shorelines?Chapter 11.10 - What Causes High Tides And Low Tides?Chapter 11.11 - How Do Waves Form And Propagate?Chapter 11.12 - How Is Material Eroded, Transported, And Deposited Along Shorelines?Chapter 11.13 - What Landforms Occur Along Shorelines?Chapter 11.14 - What Are Some Challenges Of Living Along Shorelines?Chapter 11.15 - What Happens When Sea Level Changes?Chapter 11.16 - What Causes Changes In Sea Level?Chapter 11.17 - Connections: What Coastal Damage Was Caused By These Recent Atlantic Hurricanes?Chapter 12.1 - Where Does Water Occur On Our Planet?Chapter 12.2 - How Do We Use Fresh Water?Chapter 12.3 - What Are Stream Systems?Chapter 12.4 - How Do Streams Transport Sediment And Erode Their Channels?Chapter 12.5 - How Do Stream Systems Change Downstream Or Over Short Time Frames?Chapter 12.6 - Why Do Streams Have Curves?Chapter 12.7 - What Features Characterize Steep Streams?Chapter 12.8 - What Features Characterize Low-gradient Streams And Deltas?Chapter 12.9 - What Features Are Associated With Streams?Chapter 12.10 - What Is And What Is Not A Flood?Chapter 12.11 - Where Is Groundwater Found?Chapter 12.12 - How And Where Does Groundwater Flow?Chapter 12.13 - What Is The Relationship Between Surface Water And Groundwater?Chapter 12.14 - What Problems Are Associated With Groundwater Pumping?Chapter 12.15 - How Can Water Become Contaminated?Chapter 12.16 - How Does Groundwater Contamination Move And How Do We Clean It Up?Chapter 12.17 - Connections: What Is Going On With The Ogallala Aquifer?Chapter 13.1 - What Is The Atmosphere?Chapter 13.2 - What Is Energy And How Is It Transmitted?Chapter 13.3 - What Are Heat And Temperature?Chapter 13.4 - What Is Latent Heat?Chapter 13.5 - What Is Electromagnetic Radiation?Chapter 13.6 - What Causes Changes In Insolation?Chapter 13.7 - Why Do We Have Seasons?Chapter 13.8 - What Controls When And Where Sunrise And Sunset Occur?Chapter 13.9 - How Does Insolation Interact With The Atmosphere?Chapter 13.10 - What Is Ozone And Why Is It So Important?Chapter 13.11 - How Much Insolation Reaches The Surface?Chapter 13.12 - How Does Earth Maintain An Energy Balance?Chapter 13.13 - How Do Insolation And Outgoing Radiation Vary Spatially?Chapter 13.14 - Why Do Temperatures Vary Between Oceans And Continents?Chapter 13.15 - Connections: How Are Variations In Insolation Expressed Between The North And South Poles?Chapter 14.1 - How Do Gases Respond To Changes In Temperature And Pressure?Chapter 14.2 - What Causes Winds?Chapter 14.3 - What Causes Some Local And Regional Winds?Chapter 14.4 - What Are Some Significant Regional Winds?Chapter 14.5 - How Do Variations In Insolation Cause Global Patterns Of Air Pressure And Circulation?Chapter 14.6 - How Does Air Circulate In The Tropics?Chapter 14.7 - How Does Air Circulate In High Latitudes?Chapter 14.8 - How Does Surface Air Circulate In Mid-latitudes?Chapter 14.9 - How Does Air Circulate Aloft Over The Mid-latitudes?Chapter 14.10 - Connections: What Causes Monsoons?Chapter 15.1 - How Does Water Occur In The Atmosphere?Chapter 15.2 - What Is Humidity?Chapter 15.3 - How Do Specific Humidity And Dew Point Vary From Place To Place And Seasonally?Chapter 15.4 - What Happens When Air Rises Or Sinks?Chapter 15.5 - How Does The Surface Affect The Rising Of Air?Chapter 15.6 - What Mechanisms Can Force Air To Rise?Chapter 15.7 - What Do Clouds Tell Us About Weather?Chapter 15.8 - What Conditions Produce Fog?Chapter 15.9 - How Does Precipitation Form?Chapter 15.10 - How Do Sleet And Freezing Rain Form?Chapter 15.11 - What Is The Distribution Of Precipitation?Chapter 15.12 - Connections: What Caused The Recent Great Plains Drought?Chapter 16.1 - Why Does Weather Change?Chapter 16.2 - What Are Fronts?Chapter 16.3 - Where Do Mid-latitude Cyclones Form And Cross North America?Chapter 16.4 - What Conditions Produce Thunderstorms?Chapter 16.5 - Where Are Thunderstorms Most Common?Chapter 16.6 - What Causes Hail?Chapter 16.7 - What Causes Lightning And Thunder?Chapter 16.8 - What Is A Tornado?Chapter 16.9 - Where And When Do Tornadoes Strike?Chapter 16.10 - What Are Some Other Types Of Wind Storms?Chapter 16.11 - What Is A Tropical Cyclone?Chapter 16.12 - What Affects The Strength Of A Tropical Cyclone?Chapter 17.1 - What Causes Ocean Currents?Chapter 17.2 - What Is The Global Pattern Of Surface Currents?Chapter 17.3 - How Do Sea-surface Temperatures Vary From Place To Place And Season To Season?Chapter 17.4 - What Causes Water To Rise Or Sink?Chapter 17.5 - What Are The Global Patterns Of Temperature And Salinity?Chapter 17.6 - What Processes Affect Ocean Temperature And Salinity In Tropical And Polar Regions?Chapter 17.7 - How Are Oceans Coupled With The Atmosphere And Cryosphere?Chapter 17.8 - What Connects Equatorial Atmospheric And Oceanic Circulation?Chapter 17.9 - What Are The Phases Of Enso?Chapter 17.10 - What Are The Effects Of Enso?Chapter 17.11 - Connections: What Types Of Life Reside In The Oceans?Chapter 18.1 - How Do We Classify Climates?Chapter 18.2 - What Are The Most Common Climate Types?Chapter 18.3 - What Is The Setting Of Tropical Climates?Chapter 18.4 - What Conditions Cause Arid Climates?Chapter 18.5 - What Causes Warm Temperate Climates?Chapter 18.6 - What Are The Settings Of Mid-latitude Climates?Chapter 18.7 - What Causes Subarctic And Polar Climates?Chapter 18.8 - What Is The Role Of Carbon In The Climate?Chapter 18.9 - What Is The Evidence For Climate Change?Chapter 18.10 - What Factors Influence Climate Change?Chapter 18.11 - What Are The Consequences Of Climate Change?Chapter 18.12 - How Do We Use Computers To Study Climate Change?Chapter 18.13 - Connections: What Are Non-fossil Fuel Sources Of Energy?Chapter 19.1 - How Do We Explore Other Planets And Moons?Chapter 19.2 - Why Is Each Planet And Moon Different?Chapter 19.3 - What Can We Observe On The Inner Planets?Chapter 19.4 - What Is On The Surface Of Our Moon?Chapter 19.5 - What Is Observed On Jupiter And Its Moons?Chapter 19.6 - What Is Observed On Saturn And Its Moons?Chapter 19.7 - What Do We Observe On The Outer Planets And Their Moons?Chapter 19.8 - Connections: What Have We Learned About Mars?Chapter 20.1 - How Do We Observe The Universe?Chapter 20.2 - What Is Our Framework For Observing The Universe?Chapter 20.3 - How Does Temperature Influence The Type Of Light An Object Emits?Chapter 20.4 - How Do We Use Spectra To Study The Universe?Chapter 20.5 - What Controls The Motions Of Objects?Chapter 20.6 - How Do We Measure Distance, Motion, And Mass Of Astronomical Objects?Chapter 20.7 - What Processes And Features Characterize Stars?Chapter 20.8 - How Do Low-mass Stars Change Over Time?Chapter 20.9 - How Do High-mass Stars Change Over Time?Chapter 20.10 - What Objects Represent Remnants Of Stars?Chapter 20.11 - What Are Galaxies, Including The Milky Way?Chapter 20.12 - Connections: How Did The Universe Form, And How Is It Changing Through Time?

Book Details

Exploring Earth Science by Reynolds/Johnson is an innovative textbook intended for an introductory college geology course, such as Earth Science. This ground-breaking, visually spectacular book was designed from cognitive and educational research on how students think, learn, and study.

Nearly all information in the book is built around 2,600 photographs and stunning illustrations, rather than being in long blocks of text that are not articulated with figures. These annotated illustrations help students visualize geologic processes and concepts, and are suited to the way most instructors already teach. To alleviate cognitive load and help students focus on one important geologic process or concept at a time, the book consists entirely of two-page spreads organized into 20 chapters. Each two-page spread is a self-contained block of information about a specific topic, emphasizing geologic concepts, processes, features, and approaches. These spreads help students learn and organize geologic knowledge in a new and exciting way.

Inquiry is embedded throughout the book, modeling how scientists investigate problems. The title of each two-page spread and topic heading is a question intended to get readers to think about the topic and become interested and motivated to explore the two-page spread for answers. Each chapter is a learning cycle, which begins with a visually engaging two-page spread about a compelling geologic issue. Each chapter ends with an Investigation that challenges students with a problem associated with a virtual place. The world-class media, spectacular presentations, and assessments are all tightly articulated with the textbook. This book is designed to encourage students to observe, interpret, think critically, and engage in authentic inquiry, and is highly acclaimed by reviewers, instructors, and students.

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More Editions of This Book

Corresponding editions of this textbook are also available below:

Exploring Earth Science
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259638619
EXPLORING EARTH SCIENCE (LOOSELEAF)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781264561315
EXPLORING EARTH SCIENCE 3RD EDITION
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781264568178
EXPLORING EARTH SCIENCE-CONNECT ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781264559084

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