The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter S2, Problem 57EAP
Racing a Light Beam II. Following his humiliation in the first race against the light beam (Problem 56), Jo went into hiding for the next 2 years. By that time, most people had forgotten about both him and the money they had wasted on the pay-per-view event. However, Jo was secretly in training during this time. He worked out hard and tested new performance-enhancing substances. One day, he emerged from hiding and called another press conference. “I’m ready for a rematch,” he announced. Sponsors were few this time and spectators scarce in the huge Olympic stadium where Jo and the flashlight lined up at the starting line. But those who were there will never forget what they saw, although it all happened very quickly. Jo blasted out of the starting block at 99.9% of the
- As seen by spectators in the grandstand, how much faster than Jo is the light beam?
- As seen by Jo, how much faster is the light beam than he is? Explain your answer clearly.
- Using your results from parts a and b, explain why Jo can say that he was beaten just as badly as before, while the spectators can think he gave the light beam a good race.
- Although Jo was disappointed by his performance against the light beam, he did experience one pleasant surprise: The 100-meter course seemed short to him. In Jo’s reference frame during the race, how long was the 100-meter course?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
You are coasting along on your bike (that has a 0.66 m diameter tire), You notice a twig in your spoke (at 1/2 the radius of the tire) hits the bike frame once per second. What is your speed in m/s?
A meteor of mass m is approaching earth as
shown on the sketch. The distance h on the
sketch below is called the impact parameter.
The radius of the earth is Re
6400km . The
6x1024 kg
mass of the earth is me =
Suppose the meteor has an initial speed of
vo = 30km/s. Assume that the meteor
started very far away from the earth. Suppose
the meteor just passes earth at a distance of
2.5 Re from the earth's center. You may ignore
all other gravitational forces except the earth.
Find the moment arm h in km (called the
impact parameter).
G
-11
6.673x10-"Nm²kg
%3D
meteor very far away
Vo
h impact parameter
planet
Europa orbits Jupiter at a distance of 6.7 x 108 m from Jupiter's cloudtops
(the surface of the planet). If Jupiter's mass is 1.9 x 1027 kg and radius is
6.8 x 107 m, what is the speed of Europa as it orbits in m/s?
Round to the nearest hundredth. Don't worry about putting units, just put
the number.
Chapter S2 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. S2 - Prob. 1EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 2EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 3EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 4EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 5EAPCh. S2 - Suppose you see a friend moving by you at some...Ch. S2 - Prob. 7EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 8EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 9EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 10EAP
Ch. S2 - 11. What is mass increase? How does the mass of an...Ch. S2 - Prob. 12EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 13EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 14EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 15EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 16EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 17EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 18EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 19EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 20EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 21EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 22EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 23EAPCh. S2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. S2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. S2 - Prob. 26EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 27EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 28EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 29EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 30EAPCh. S2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. S2 - Prob. 32EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 33EAPCh. S2 - 34. What provides the strongest evidence that...Ch. S2 - Prob. 35EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 36EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 38EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 39EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 40EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 42EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 43EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 44EAPCh. S2 - Relative Motion Practice II. In all the following,...Ch. S2 - Prob. 46EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 47EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 48EAPCh. S2 - Prob. 49EAPCh. S2 - Time Dilation. A student, after learning about the...Ch. S2 - Length Contraction. Marta has a spaceship that...Ch. S2 - Mass Increase. A spaceship has a rest mass of...Ch. S2 - Time Dilation with Subatomic Particles. A + meson...Ch. S2 - Time Dilation on the Space Station. The...Ch. S2 - Prob. 56EAPCh. S2 - Racing a Light Beam II. Following his humiliation...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- This is purely a theoretical question with which I am struggling. Consider a system of N particles that interact via an attractive gravitationalforce that is proportional to the distance between particles: Fij = -kmimj(rj - ri) where k is a positive constant and i, j = 1 .... N. Determine the trajectories of the particles. (Hint: Choose a reference frame in which the CM is at rest at the origin).arrow_forwardThis is a proportional reasoning calculation. You will want to set up equations, but mostly to look at how the orbital distance affects the orbital velocity, or to set up a ratio. (Once you know how it changes you'll have to multiply by the value at the surface to get an answer in m/s.) At the surface of the exoplanet HD179079 b, the orbital velocity would be 1.72E+4 m/s. What would the orbital velocity be 8 radii above the surface? m/s. Note: If your answer requires scientific notation, remember that OWL uses "e" notation: 1.1 x 105 is 1.1e5 to OWL.arrow_forwardThe center of a moon of mass m = 8 × 1023 kg is a distance D = 97 × 105 km from the center of a planet of mass M = 10.9 × 1025 kg. At some distance x from the center of the planet, along a line connecting the centers of planet and moon, the net force on an object will be zero. a. Derive an expression for x. b. Calculate x in kilometers, given the variables in the beginning of the problem.arrow_forward
- The figures show a hypothetical planetary system at two different times. The system has a star S and three planets, labeled A, B, and C. The table provides the mass of each body in the system, as well as their spatial coordinates (x, y) in their initial and final positions. The spatial coordinates of the bodies are given in Astronomical Units (AU). Initital Position Body S A B с Mass (kg) mg = 2.3863 × 10³⁰ mA = 2.1957 × 1028 mB = 6.2841 × 1026 mc = 7.8063 × 1027 The initial velocity of the center of mass of the system is zero. Find the magnitude ds of the star's displacement from the origin in its final position. C S (0,0) (0,0) (0.4815, 0) (0.4373, 1.3397) (0, 1.6711) A Final Position (xs, ys) (0, -0.4913) B (-1.6007, 0) (-0.8443,-0.7481) B ● С. S Aarrow_forwardOur solar system is roughly 2.2 x 1020 m away from the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and the system is moving at roughly 231.4 km/s around the galaxy's center. Since most of the galaxy's mass is near its center (and we are on an outer arm of this spiral galaxy), let's model the galaxy has a spherical mass distribution (like a single, giant star that our system is orbiting around). What is the mass of the galaxy (according to our rough, spherical model)? Obviously, this will be a VERY big answer, and so enter in your answer to the order of 1040 kg. In other words, calculate the answer, and then divide by 1040 and then enter in the result. BTW - by assuming that all mass in the galaxy is made up of stars that are about the same mass as our sun, it isn't too hard to then estimate how many stars are in the galaxy!). As an another aside, some measurements and observations that we have taken in Astronomy suggests that in reality, stars only make up a fraction of the total massarrow_forwardThe International Space Station has a mass of approximately 370,000 kg. (a) What is the force on a 150-kg suited astronaut if she is 20 m from the center of mass of the station? (b) How accurate do you think your answer would be?arrow_forward
- Information: Rearth = 6.37 x 10° m Mearth = 5.98 x 10²ª kg G = 6.67 x 10" Nxm²/kg? 1. Ceres is a dwarf planet located in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The radius of Ceres is 4.76 X 105 m. Suppose an astronaut stands on the surface of Ceres and drops a 0.85 kg hammer from a height of 1.25 m. The hammer takes 3.0 s to reach the ground. (a) Calculate the gravitational field strength on the surface of Ceres. (b) Calculate the mass of Ceres. (c) Calculate the escape velocity from the surface of Ceres. (d) Calculate the gravitational field strength of Ceres at an altitude of 280 km above its surface. (e) Calculate the speed of the satellite orbiting around Ceres at an altitude of 280 km.arrow_forwardA saleslady, whose mass is 52 kg, is doing a product demonstration in front of customers. She exerts a gravitational force of 7.45x10-8 N on a 57-kg woman who is standing in the front row. How far is the woman from the saleslady?arrow_forwardA 2.0 kg, 20-cm-diameter turntable rotates at 100 rpm on frictionless bearings. Two 500 g blocks fall from above, hit the turntable simultaneously at opposite ends of a diagonal, and stick. What is the turntable's angular velocity, in rpm, just after this event?arrow_forward
- I. A 10.0 kg mass is acted on by the two forces: F = (3.0N)î + (2.0N)j and F, = (10.0N)i + (-7.0N) a) Express the summation of these two forces in unit vector notation. That is: %3D %3! F=F F+F, b) What is the acceleration of this mass while these forces are acting? Write your answer in unit vector notation form. c) What is the direction of the acceleration (give the angle of acceleration with the x axis) and its magnetitude?arrow_forwardThere are three end states for stars that run out of fuel. When stars run out of fuel, gravitational collapse occurs. The three end states are: White drawfs(low mass), Neutron stars(mid-mass), and Black holes(high mass). Lets do a problem on a Neutron star. Neutron stars are extremely dense objects that are formed from the remnants of supernova explosions. Many rotate very rapidly. Suppose that the mass of a certain spherical neutron star is twice the mass of the Sun and its radius is 10.0 km. Determine the greatest possible angular speed (omega) the neutron star can have so, that the an object with a mass of 1 kg, at the its surface on the equator, is to be just held in orbit by the gravitational force. Mass of Sun = 1.99 x 10^30 kg. rad/sarrow_forwardPart A Comets travel around the sun in elliptical orbits with large eccentricities. If a comet has speed 2.1×104 m/s when at a distance of 2.6x1011 m from the center of the sun, what is its speed when at a distance of 4.0x1010 m. Express your answer in meters per second. νη ΑΣφ ? m/sarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON
Relative Velocity - Basic Introduction; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_39hCnqbNXM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY