The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter S1, Problem 35EAP
Geometry and Science. As discussed in Mathematical Insight S1.1, Copernicus found that a Sun-centered model led him to a simple geometric layout for the solar system, a fact that gave him confidence that his model was on the right track. Did the mathematics actually prove that the Sun-centered model was correct? Use your answer 10 briefly discuss the role of mathematics in science.
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Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.
The table below presents the semi-major axis (a) and Actual orbital period for all of the major planets in the solar system. Cube for each planet the semi-major axis in Astronomical Units. Then take the square root of this number to get the Calculated orbital period of each planet. Fill in the final row of data for each planet.
Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law:
Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law:
Planet aau = Semi-Major Axis (AU) Actual Planet Calculated Planet
Period (Yr) Period (Yr)
__________ ______________________ ___________ ________________
Mercury 0.39 0.24
Venus 0.72 0.62
Earth 1.00 1.00
Mars 1.52 1.88
Jupiter…
A newly discovered planet orbits a distant star with the same mass as the Sun at an average distance of 122 million kilometers. Its orbital eccentricity is 0.5.
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Chapter S1 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. S1 - Prob. 1VSCCh. S1 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. S1 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. S1 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. S1 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. S1 - Prob. 6VSCCh. S1 - Prob. 7VSCCh. S1 - Explain the differences between a (a) sidereal day...Ch. S1 - Prob. 2EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 3EAP
Ch. S1 - Prob. 4EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 5EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 6EAPCh. S1 - What are declination and right ascension? How are...Ch. S1 - 8. How and why do the Sun’s celestial coordinates...Ch. S1 - 9. Suppose you ire at the North Pole. Where is the...Ch. S1 - 10. Describe the Sun’s path through the local sky...Ch. S1 - 11. What is special about the tropics of Cancer...Ch. S1 - 2. Briefly describe how you can use the Sun or...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Choose the best answer to each of the following...Ch. S1 - Transits and the Geocentric Universe. Ancient...Ch. S1 - Geometry and Science. As discussed in Mathematical...Ch. S1 - Northern Chauvinism. Why is the writing on maps...Ch. S1 - Group Activity: Find Your Way Home. You and your...Ch. S1 - Opposite Rotation. Suppose Earth rotated in a...Ch. S1 - Prob. 39EAPCh. S1 - The Sun from Mars. Mars has an axis tilt of 25.2°,...Ch. S1 - Fundamentals of Your Local Sky. Answer each of the...Ch. S1 - Prob. 42EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 43EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 44EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 46EAPCh. S1 - Lost at Sea I. During a vacation, you decide to...Ch. S1 - Prob. 48EAPCh. S1 - Prob. 49EAPCh. S1 - Lost at Sea IV. Repeat Problem 47 for this...Ch. S1 - Orbital and Synodic Periods. Use each object’s...Ch. S1 - Prob. 52EAPCh. S1 - HA=LST-RA It is 4 p.m. on the March equinox. What...Ch. S1 - Meridian Crossings of the Moon and Phobos....Ch. S1 - Mercury’s Rotation Period. Mercury’s sidereal day...
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- Why might Tycho Brahe have hesitated to hire Kepler? Why do you suppose he appointed Kepler his scientific heir? What is limited about Keplers third law P2 = a3, where P is the time in units of years a planet takes to orbit the Sun and a is the planets average distance from the Sun in units of AU? (Hint: Look at the units.) What does this tell you about Kepler and his laws?arrow_forwardMars is 1.53 times as far from the Sun as Earth is. Use Keller’s third law to predict the required for Mars to orbit the sun in Earth days.arrow_forwardPlease answer the question and subquestions completely! This is one whole question which has subquestions! According to the official Bartleby guidelines, each question can have up to two subquestions! Thank you! 1) Use Kepler's Law to find the time (in Earth’s years) for Mars to orbit the Sun if the radius of Mars’ orbit is 1.5 times the radius of Earth's orbit. 1.8 2.8 3.4 4.2 A) The mass of Mars is about 1/10 the mass of Earth. Its diameter is about 1/2 the diameter of Earth. What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Mars? 9.8 m/s2 2.0 m/s2 3.9 m/s2 4.9 m/s2 none of these B) A 9.0 x 10 3 kg satellite orbits the Earth at the distance of 2.56 x 10 7 m from Earth’s surface. What is its period? 1.1 x 10 4 s 4.1 x 10 4 s 5.7 x 10 4 s 1.5 x 10 5 sarrow_forward
- How does Keplers first law of planetary motion overthrow one of the basic beliefs of classical astronomy? How about Keplers second law?arrow_forwardWhat is P for Earth? What is a for Earth? Do these values support or disprove Keplers third law?arrow_forwardJohannes Kepler worked as an assistant to the observatory of Brahe at the age of 27. Brahe collected astronomical observations, which were passed into Kepler, on his death. Among the significant contributions of Brahe: 1. His observations on the planetary motion of Mars were used by later astronomers, including Kepler to construct the present model of the solar system. 2. In 1572, he observed supernova as a star that appeared suddenly, became visible for 18 months before it faded from view. Nowadays, supernova is called an exploding star. 3. In 1577, he observed a comet by measuring its parallax. His claim contradicted the idea of Aristotle that comets are "gases burning in the atmosphere." By measuring the parallax for the comet, he was able to show that the comet was further away than the Moon. 4. His findings that stars do not have parallax, he concluded that either: (a). the earth was motionless at the center of the universe; or (b). the stars were so far away that their parallax…arrow_forward
- Hi, I'm not sure how to go about solving part b. but I have part a. Please show step by step of part b.arrow_forwardUse Kepler's 3rd Law and the small angle approximation. a) An object is located in the solar system at a distance from the Sun equal to 41 AU's . What is the objects orbital period? b) An object seen in a telescope has an angular diameter equivalent to 41 (in units of arc seconds). What is its linear diameter if the object is 250 million km from you? Draw a labeled diagram of this situation.arrow_forwardDefine the kepler's laws of planetary motion in short?arrow_forward
- In your own words, describe the meaning of Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion. Do not use any equations, do not describe the equations in words, just tell me the conceptual meaning.arrow_forwardExplain the Kepler’s Law of Planetary (or Satellite) Motion?arrow_forwardPart B. 1. The table below shows the gravitational force between Saturn and some ring particles that are at different distance from the planet. All of the particles have a mass of 1 kg. Table 1. Distance and Gravitational Force Data Distance of 1- Gravitational kg Ring Particle from Force between Saturn and 1-kg ring particle (in | 10,000 N) 2. Use the data in the table to make a graph of the relationship between distance and gravitational force. Label your graph "Gravitational Force and distance". Center of Saturn (in | 1,000 km) 100 38 Hint: Put the data for distance on the horizontal axis and the data for gravitational force on the vertical axis. 120 26 130 22 150 17 3. Look at your graphed data, and record in your answering sheet any relationship you notice. 180 12 200 9. 220 8 250 280 O 5arrow_forward
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