Chapter E, Problem E.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Both ketones and aldehydes contain a $C=O$ bond, the carbonyl group. Ketones and aldehydes require adding a suffix to the IUPAC name according to Table E-1.

The main chain or ring is the one that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that the carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless needed. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order. A locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule that contains only an aldehyde as a functional group requires dropping the final e and adding the al suffix.

For a molecule containing both an aldehyde and a ketone as functional groups, a locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule containing more than one aldehyde or ketones functional groups, the e in ane is retained.

Note that for a cyclic aldehyde, the $C=O$ bond cannot be a part of the ring and is named as cycloalkanecarbaldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Both ketones and aldehydes contain a $C=O$ bond, the carbonyl group. Ketones and aldehydes require adding a suffix to the IUPAC name according to Table E-1.

The main chain or ring is the one that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that the carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless needed. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order. A locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule that contains only an aldehyde as a functional group requires dropping the final e and adding the al suffix.

For a molecule containing both an aldehyde and a ketone as functional groups, a locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule containing more than one aldehyde or ketones functional groups, the e in ane is retained.

Note that for a cyclic aldehyde, the $C=O$ bond cannot be a part of the ring and is named as cycloalkanecarbaldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Both ketones and aldehydes contain a $C=O$ bond, the carbonyl group. Ketones and aldehydes require adding a suffix to the IUPAC name according to Table E-1.

The main chain or ring is the one that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that the carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless needed. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order. A locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule that contains only an aldehyde as a functional group requires dropping the final e and adding the al suffix.

For a molecule containing both an aldehyde and a ketone as functional groups, a locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule containing more than one aldehyde or ketones functional groups, the e in ane is retained.

Note that for a cyclic aldehyde, the $C=O$ bond cannot be a part of the ring and is named as cycloalkanecarbaldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Both ketones and aldehydes contain a $C=O$ bond, the carbonyl group. Ketones and aldehydes require adding a suffix to the IUPAC name according to Table E-1.

The main chain or ring is the one that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that the carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless needed. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order. A locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule that contains only an aldehyde as a functional group requires dropping the final e and adding the al suffix.

For a molecule containing both an aldehyde and a ketone as functional groups, a locator number is added for the ketone but not for the aldehyde.

For a molecule containing more than one aldehyde or ketones functional groups, the e in ane is retained.

Note that for a cyclic aldehyde, the $C=O$ bond cannot be a part of the ring and is named as cycloalkanecarbaldehyde.