Biology: How Life Works
Biology: How Life Works
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319017637
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Melissa Michael, Robert Lue, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 9.5, Problem 12SAQ
Summary Introduction

A cell communicates with another cell through chemical signals. Cell to cell communication is necessary for both the multicellular as well as unicellular organisms. The signaling molecules activate cell-surface receptors and intracellular receptors by binding to it.

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A major difference between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor kinases is the type of response. The GPCRs lead to a short-term response, for example, opening the ion channels or activation of the enzymes, whereas, the receptor kinases lead to long-term responses, for example, changes in gene expression.

In both the GPCR and receptor kinase pathway, the first step is the inactivation of receptors. Two ligands bind to the receptor by means of dimerization in the receptor kinase pathway. The GPCR pathway is activated when the ligand binds with GCPRs and GTP binds with the G-protein. Two different kinds of molecules are involved in this pathway, whereas two ligands are involved in receptor kinase pathway. Then, auto-phosphorylation takes place, followed by the activation of proteins (relay) resulting in multiple cellular responses in the receptor kinase pathway. The ligand molecules falls-off and the enzymes get activated followed by the initiation of single cellular response in the GPCR pathway.

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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license