Concept explainers
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
12. Clinical Trials of OxyContin OxyContin (oxycodone) is a drug used to treat pain, but it is well known for its addictiveness and danger. In a clinical trial, among subjects treated with OxyContin, 52 developed nausea and 175 did not develop nausea. Among other subjects given placebos, 5 developed nausea and 40 did not develop nausea (based on data from Purdue Pharma L.P.). Use a 0.05 significance level to test for a difference between the rates of nausea for those treated with OxyContin and those given a placebo.
a. Use a hypothesis test.
b. Use an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Does nausea appear to be an adverse reaction resulting from OxyContin?
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- Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Does Aspirin Prevent Heart Disease? In a trial designed to test the effectiveness of aspirin in preventing heart disease, 11,037 male physicians were treated with aspirin and 11,034 male physicians were given placebos. Among the subjects in the aspirin treatment group, 139 experienced myocardial infarctions (heart attacks). Among the subjects given placebos, 239 experienced myocardial infarctions (based on data from “Final Report on the Aspirin Component of the Ongoing Physicians’ Health Study,” New England Journal of Medicine , Vol. 321: 129–135). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that aspirin has no effect on myocardial infarctions. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. b.…arrow_forwardTesting Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Cell Phones and Handedness A study was conducted to investigate the association between cell phone use and hemispheric brain dominance. Among 216 subjects who prefer to use their left ear for cell phones, 166 were right-handed. Among 452 subjects who prefer to use their right ear for cell phones, 436 were right-handed (based on data from “Hemispheric Dominance and Cell Phone Use,” by Seidman et al., JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 139, No. 5). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of right-handedness for those who prefer to use their left ear for cell phones is less than the rate of right-handedness for those who prefer to use their right ear…arrow_forwardHelp!arrow_forward
- Tourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year (1) Previous Year (2) 1458 1800 Occupied Rooms (X) 1470 Total Rooms (n) 1750 Formulate the hypothesis test can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Oa. Ho: p1=p2 vs Ob. Ho: p1> p2 vs Oc. Ho: p1=p2 vs Od. Ho: p1=p2 vs Ha: p1>p2 Ha: p1=p2 Ha: p1arrow_forwardTesting Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. License Plate Laws The Chapter Problem involved passenger cars in Connecticut and passenger cars in New York, but here we consider passenger cars and commercial trucks. Among 2049 Connecticut passenger cars, 239 had only rear license plates. Among 334 Connecticut trucks, 45 had only rear license plates (based on samples collected by the author). A reasonable hypothesis is that passenger car owners violate license plate laws at a higher rate than owners of commercial trucks. Use a 0.05 significance level to test that hypothesis. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.arrow_forwardIdentifying H0 and H1 In Exercises 5–8, do the following: a. Express the original claim in symbolic form. b. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. Pulse Rates Claim: The standard deviation of pulse rates of adult males is more than 11 bpm. For the random sample of 153 adult males in Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B, the pulse rates have a standard deviation of 11.3 bpm.arrow_forwardTourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year (1) Previous Year (2) 1458 1800 Occupied Rooms (X) 1470 Total Rooms (n) 1750 Under the question of a test of hypothesis about the two proportions, what is the value of the standard error? (Round to four decimals.) Answer:arrow_forwardhypothesis test, a. determine the null hypothesis. b. determine the alternative hypothesis. c. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Toxic Mushrooms? Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to ani-mals. Mushrooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cad-mium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom Boletus pinicola and pub-lished the results in the paper “Influence of Some Factors in Toxi-city and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain” (Journal ofEnvironmental Science and Health, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439–455). A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether the mean cadmium level in Boletus pinicola mushrooms is greater than the government’s recommended limitarrow_forward50.0 (34.0) 4) What percentage of students would you expect to have scored above 19 on the exam? 5) Troy scored a 25 on the exam. Approximately what percentage of students scored between Troy's score and the mean? 6) What percentage of students scored below Troy?arrow_forwardHow do you find and create a null hypothesis? Research question is : On average, are people enrolled in a Canadian post-secondary institution taller than the national average? Hypothesis: On average, people enrolled in a Canadian post-secondary institution are taller than the national average.arrow_forwardA researcher selects a sample and administers treatment for anxiety to the individuals in the sample. If the sample is used for a hypothesis test, what does the null hypothesis (H0) put forth about the treatment? Group of answer choices The treatment has an effect on anxiety. The treatment divides each anxiety score by a constant. The treatment multiplies each anxiety score by a constant. The treatment has no effect on anxiety.arrow_forwardScenario: I'm interested in whether there is a relationship between Team (A vs. B) and Outcome (Good vs. Bad). Below are the data. Test the null hypothesis that the categories are independent. α= .05. Team A Team B Good Outcome fo = 75 fe = fo = 45 fe = Bad Outcome fo = 25 fe = fo = 5 fe = What is the correct result based on the data?arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill