ELEM.PRIN.OF CHEMICAL...ABRIDGED (LL)
ELEM.PRIN.OF CHEMICAL...ABRIDGED (LL)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119540632
Author: FELDER
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.81P

Natural gas that contains methane, ethane, and propane is to be burned with humid air. The adiabatic flame temperature is to be calculated from specified values of the following quantities:

y C H 4 , y C 2 H 6 , y C 3 H 8 = mole fractions of fuel components

T f , T a = inlet temperatures of fuel and air: °C

P x s = percent excess air

y w 0 = mole fraction of water in the inlet air

Without doing any calculations, predict the direction of change (increase, decrease, no change) in the adiabatic flame temperature you would expect for an increase in (i) y C H 4 with y C 3 H 8 held constant, (ii) T f , (iii) T a , (iv) P x s , and (v) y w 0 . Briefly state your reasoning for each variable.

  1. For a basis of 1 g-mole of natural gas, calculate the gram-moles of each molecular species in the feed and product streams, assuming complete combustion and negligible CO formation. The answer should be expressed in terms of the variables given above.
  2. Given below are expressions for the specific enthalpies of the feed and product components, relative to their elements at 25°C.

   H ^ i ( k J / m o l ) = a i + b i T + c i T 2 + d i T 3 + e i T 4 , T in °C

    Substance (i) a    b × 10 2    c × 10 5    d × 10 8    e × 10 12
    (1) CH4 -75.72 3.431 2.734 0.122 -2.75
    (2) C2H6 -85.95 4.937 6.96 -1.939 1.82
    (3) C3Hs -105.6 6.803 11.30 -4.37 7.928
    (4) N2 -0.7276 2.900 0.110 0.191 -0.7178
    (5) O2 -0.7311 2.910 0.579 -0.2025 0.3278
    (6) H2O(v) -242.7 3.346 0.344 0.2535 -0.8982
    (7) CO2 -394.4 3.611 2.117 -0.9623 1.866

Derive the given expression for the specific enthalpy of methane from the heat capacity data in Table B.2. Then show that A// for the reactor is given by an expression of the form.

   Δ H = a 0 + a 1 T + a 2 T 2 + a 3 T 3 + a 4 T 4

where T is the product temperature, and

   a 0 = i = 4 7 ( n i ) o u t a i i = 1 3 ( n i ) i n H ^ i ( T f ) i = 4 6 ( n i ) i n H ^ i ( T a )

   a 1 = i = 1 7 ( n i ) o u t b i

   a 3 = i = 1 7 ( n i ) o u t d i

   a 2 = i = 1 7 ( n i ) o u t c i

   a 4 = i = 1 7 ( n i ) o u t e i

Write a spreadsheet program to take as input values of y C H 4 , y C 3 H 8 , T f , T a , P x s , and y w 0

  1. , and to
  2. solve the energy balance equation [ Δ H ( T ) = 0 ] to determine the adiabatic flame temperature. Run the program for the following sets of input variable values:

    Variable Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5 Run 6
       y C H 4 0.75 0.86 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
       y C 3 H 8 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
       T f ( ° C ) 40 40 150 40 40 40
       T a ( ° C ) 150 150 150 250 150 150
       P x s 25% 25% 25% 25% 100% 25%
       y w 0 0.0306 0.0306 0.0306 0.0306 0.0306 0.10

Suggestion: Near the top of the spreadsheet, enter the values of a, b, c, d, and e for each species. Starting several rows below the last of these entries, list in Column A labels for the input variables and all calculated variables (component molar flow rates, specific enthalpies, T a d , a 0 , a 1 , .... , a 4 , Δ H ), and enter in adjacent columns the corresponding values or formulas for these variables in successive runs. (Solution for Run 1:

Tad = 1743.1°C.)

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Chapter 9 Solutions

ELEM.PRIN.OF CHEMICAL...ABRIDGED (LL)

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.11PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12PCh. 9 - In the production of many microelectronic devices,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.14PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17PCh. 9 - Carbon monoxide at 25°C and steam at 150°C are fed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.19PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.20PCh. 9 - Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) can be produced by the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.22PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.24PCh. 9 - Formaldehyde is produced commercially by the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.26PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.27PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29PCh. 9 - A gas mixture containing 85 mole% methane and the...Ch. 9 - Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic...Ch. 9 - Cumene (C6H5C3H7) is produced by reacting benzene...Ch. 9 - Ethylbenzene is converted to styrene in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.34PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.35PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.37PCh. 9 - Coke can be converted into CO—a fuel gas—in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.39PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41PCh. 9 - The equilibrium constant for the ethane...Ch. 9 - You are checking the performance of a reactor in...Ch. 9 - Hydrogen is produced in the steam reforming of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.45PCh. 9 - Five cubic meters of a 1.00-molar aqueous sulfuric...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.47PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.48PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.49PCh. 9 - Calcium chloride is a salt used in a number of...Ch. 9 - A dilute aqueous solution of sulfuric acid at 25°C...Ch. 9 - A 2.00 mole% sulfuric acid solution is neutralized...Ch. 9 - A 12.0-molar solution of sodium hydroxide (SG =...Ch. 9 - Citric acid (C6H8O7) is used in the preparation of...Ch. 9 - Ammonia scrubbing is one of many processes for...Ch. 9 - Various uses for nitric acid are given in Problem...Ch. 9 - A natural gas is analyzed and found to consist of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.58PCh. 9 - A fuel gas is known to contain methane, ethane,...Ch. 9 - A fuel gas containing 85.0 mole% methane and the...Ch. 9 - A mixture of air and a fine spray of gasoline at...Ch. 9 - The heating value of a fuel oil is to be measured...Ch. 9 - Methanol vapor is burned with excess air in a...Ch. 9 - Methane at 25°C is burned in a boiler furnace with...Ch. 9 - Methane is burned completely with 40% excess air....Ch. 9 - A gaseous fuel containing methane and ethane is...Ch. 9 - A coal contains 73.0 wt% C, 4.7% H (not including...Ch. 9 - A mixture of methane, ethane, and argon at 25°C is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.69PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.70PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.71PCh. 9 - A bituminous coal is burned with air in a boiler...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.73PCh. 9 - A natural gas containing 82.0 mole% CH4and the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.75PCh. 9 - Liquid n-pentane at 25°C is burned with 30% excess...Ch. 9 - Methane is burned with 25% excess air in a...Ch. 9 - Methane and 30% excess air are to be fed to a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.79PCh. 9 - In Problem 9.79, the synthesis of methanol from...Ch. 9 - Natural gas that contains methane, ethane, and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.82PCh. 9 - The wastewater treatment plant at the Ossabaw...

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