Chapter 9, Problem 9.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether heating will increase the yield of the product in the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The products of a reaction between a substrate and a nucleophile are, in most cases, a mixture of the substitution product and the elimination product. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2/E2}$ reactions occur together as also ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1/E1}$ reactions. The distribution of substitution and elimination products in the mixture depends on temperature.

In a substitution reaction, the number of particles (molecules/ions) does not change, but in an elimination reaction, it increases by 1. This leads to a positive entropy change. This means that an increase in temperature will make $\Delta {\text{G}}^{\text{o}}$ for the elimination reaction more negative, and favorable. With no change in the number of articles, the substitution reaction is not favored by an increase in the temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether heating will increase the yield of product in the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The products of a reaction between a substrate and a nucleophile are, in most cases, a mixture of the substitution product and the elimination product. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2/E2}$ reactions occur together as also ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1/E1}$. The distribution of the substitution and elimination products in the mixture depends on the temperature.

In a substitution reaction, the number of particles (molecules/ions) does not change, but in an elimination reaction, it increases by 1. This leads to a positive entropy change. This means, an increase in temperature will make the $\Delta {\text{G}}^{\text{o}}$ for the elimination reaction more negative, and favorable. With no change in the number of articles, the substitution reaction is not favored by an increase in the temperature.