General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.26QP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lattice energy of Calcium chloride has to be calculated using given data.

Concept Introduction:

Born-Haber cycle is based on Hess’s law to calculate the lattice enthalpy of ionic compounds and deals with energy changes in formation of ionic compounds.

The energy released when gaseous state ions of unlike charges that are infinitely farther apart combine to form a stable ionic solid is called Lattice energy.  Conversely, the energy required to break the electrostatic force of attraction between the ions of unlike charges in the ionic solid and revert them to gaseous state is also termed as Lattice energy of an ionic solid.

Hess’s law is applied to calculate the enthalpy changes in a reaction.  According to Hess’s law – “The overall enthalpy change of a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes involving in each and every individual steps in the reaction”.  Thus if a reaction involves ‘n’ steps then enthalpy change ΔH° of the reaction is,

ΔH°= ΔH1°+ΔH2°+ΔH3°....+ΔHn°

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 9.26QP

Lattice energy of Calcium chloride CaCl2 is 2195 kJ/mol.

Explanation of Solution

Given data:

heat of sublimation of Ca = 121 kJ/molΔHf°(NaCl) = 795 kJ/molenergy needed to dissociatehalf mole of Cl2 = 121.4 kJ

The first step of Born-Haber cycle involves sublimation of solid Ca into gaseous Ca.

Ca(s) Ca(g) ΔH1° = 121 kJ/mol

The second step of Born-Haber cycle involves dissociation of gaseous Cl2 into gaseous Cl atoms.

Cl2(g) 2Cl(g) ΔH2° = 242.8 kJ/mol

The third step of Born-Haber cycle is ionization of gaseous Ca into gaseous Ca2+ ions.

Ca(g)Ca(g)+ + e- ΔH3°' = 589.5 kJ/mol

Ca+(g)Ca(g)2+ + e- ΔH3°'' = 589.5 kJ/mol

The fourth step of Born-Haber cycle is ionization of gaseous Cl into gaseous Cl ions.

2(Cl(g)+eCl(g)) ΔH4°=2(349 kJ/mol)

The fifth and final step of Born-Haber cycle is formation of solid CaCl2 as a result of binding gaseous Ca2+ and Cl ions together by electrostatic force of attraction.

Ca2+(g)+ 2Cl(g) CaCl2(s)

ΔH5° is the enthalpy change for the above reaction and it is equivalent to the lattice energy of NaCl.  It is calculated by Hess’s law as follows,

Ca(s) Ca(g) ΔH1° = 121 kJ/molCl2(g)2Cl(g) ΔH2° = 242.8 kJ/molCa(g)   Ca(g)+ + e- ΔH3°' = 589.5 kJ/molCa+(g)   Ca(g)2+ + e- ΔH3°'' = 1145 kJ/mol2(Cl(g) + e-  Cl(g)-) ΔH4° = 2(-349 kJ/mol)Ca2+(g) + 2Cl(g)- CaCl2(s)   ΔH5° = ?___________________________________________________Ca(s)+ Cl2(g) CaCl2(s) ΔHoverall° = -795 kJ/mol

lattice energy of CaCl2, ΔH5° = ΔHoverall°ΔH1°ΔH2°ΔH3°ΔH4° = (795121242.8589.51145+698) kJ/mol =2195 kJ/mol

2195 kJ/mol of energy is released (negative sign) when one mole of CaCl2 is formed.  It also means 2195 kJ/mol of energy is required to break bond between Ca2+ and Cl ion in one mole of CaCl2.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1PECh. 9.7 - Prob. 2PECh. 9.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 9.8 - Prob. 1PECh. 9.8 - Prob. 1RCCh. 9.9 - Practice Exercise Draw the Lewis structure for...Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 2PECh. 9.9 - Prob. 3PECh. 9.9 - Prob. 4PECh. 9.9 - Prob. 1RCCh. 9.10 - Prob. 1PECh. 9.10 - Prob. 1RCCh. 9 - Prob. 9.1QPCh. 9 - 9.2 Use the second member of each group from Group...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.4QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.5QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.10QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.18QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.19QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.20QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.21QPCh. 9 - 9.22 Explain how the lattice energy of an ionic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.23QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.24QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.25QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.26QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.30QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.31QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.33QPCh. 9 - 9.34 Arrange these bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.37QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.38QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.45QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.46QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.47QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.48QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.49QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.50QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.51QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.52QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.53QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.54QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.55QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.56QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.57QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.58QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.59QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.60QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.61QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.62QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.63QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.64QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.65QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.66QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.67QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.68QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.69QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.70QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.71QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.72QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.73QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.74QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.75QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.76QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.77QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.78QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.79QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.80QPCh. 9 - 9.81 Draw reasonable resonance structures for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.82QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.83QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.84QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.85QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.86QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.87QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.88QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.89QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.90QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.91QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.92QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.93QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.94QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.95QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.96QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.97QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.98QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.99QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.100QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.101QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.102QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.103QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.104QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.105QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.106QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.107QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.108QPCh. 9 - 9.109 Among the common inhaled anesthetics...Ch. 9 - 9.110 Industrially, ammonia is synthesized by the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.111QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.112QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.113SPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.114SPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.115SPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.116SPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.117SPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.118SP
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