Chapter 9, Problem 9.1P

Lower of cost or net realizable value

• LO9–1

Decker Company has five products in its inventory. Information about the December 31, 2018, inventory follows.

The cost to sell for each product consists of a 15 percent sales commission.

Required:

1. 1. Determine the carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018, assuming the lower of cost or net realizable value (LCNRV) rule is applied to individual products.
2. 2. Determine the carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018, assuming the LCNRV rule is applied to the entire inventory. Also, assuming inventory write-downs are usual business practice for Decker, record any necessary year-end adjusting entry.

To determine

LCM (Lower of Cost or Market) approach: It is an approach that values the inventory at historical cost or lesser than the market replacement cost. The replacement cost refers to the amount that could be realized from the sale of the inventory.

NRV (Net Realizable Value): It refers to an estimated selling price that a company expects to collect in the form of cash from the customers by the sale of inventory. The value is reduced by the expected cost of completion, disposal and transportation. Sales commission and shipping costs also included in the predictable cost.

To Calculate: The carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018 by using the rule of LCM and NRV.

Explanation of Solution

The following table shows the carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018 by using the rule of LCM and NRV.

Lower of Cost or NRV
Product	Units	Unit Cost ($)	Cost ($)	NRV ($)	Inventory value ($)
	(A)	(B)	(A) × (B)
A	1,000	10	10,000	13,600 (1)	10,000
B	800	15	12,000	12,240 (2)	12,000
C	600	3	1,800	4,080 (3)	1,800
D	200	7	1,400	1,020 (4)	1,020
E	600	14	8,400	6,630 (5)	6,630
Total			33,600	37,570	31,450

Table (1)

Working Notes:

Calculate the amount of NRV for product A.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{NRV for product A = }\left[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Selling price}-\\ \left(\text{Cost to sell at 15\%}\times \text{Selling price}\right)\end{array}\right\}\times \text{Units}\right]\\ =\left[\left\{\$16-\left(15\%\times \$16\right)\right\}\times 1,000\right]\\ =\left[\left(\$16-\$2.4\right)\times 1,000\right]\\ =\$13.6\times 1,000\\ =\$13,600\end{array}$ (1)

Calculate the amount of NRV for product B.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{NRV for product B = }\left[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Selling price}-\\ \left(\text{Cost to sell at 15\%}\times \text{Selling price}\right)\end{array}\right\}\times \text{Units}\right]\\ =\left[\left\{\$18-\left(15\%\times \$18\right)\right\}\times 800\right]\\ =\left[\left(\$18-\$2.7\right)\times 800\right]\\ =\$15.3\times 800\\ =\$12,240\end{array}$ (2)

Calculate the amount of NRV for product C.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{NRV for product C = }\left[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Selling price}-\\ \left(\text{Cost to sell at 15\%}\times \text{Selling price}\right)\end{array}\right\}\times \text{Units}\right]\\ =\left[\left\{\$8-\left(15\%\times \$8\right)\right\}\times 600\right]\\ =\left[\left(\$8-\$1.2\right)\times 600\right]\\ =\$6.8\times 600\\ =\$4,080\end{array}$ (3)

Calculate the amount of NRV for product D.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{NRV for product D = }\left[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Selling price}-\\ \left(\text{Cost to sell at 15\%}\times \text{Selling price}\right)\end{array}\right\}\times \text{Units}\right]\\ =\left[\left\{\$6-\left(15\%\times \$6\right)\right\}\times 200\right]\\ =\left[\left(\$6-\$0.9\right)\times 200\right]\\ =\$5.1\times 200\\ =\$1,020\end{array}$ (4)

Calculate the amount of NRV for product E.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{NRV for product E = }\left[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Selling price}-\\ \left(\text{Cost to sell at 15\%}\times \text{Selling price}\right)\end{array}\right\}\times \text{Units}\right]\\ =\left[\left\{\$13-\left(15\%\times \$13\right)\right\}\times 600\right]\\ =\left[\left(\$13-\$1.95\right)\times 600\right]\\ =\$11.05\times 600\\ =\$6,630\end{array}$ (5)

Conclusion

Therefore, the carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018 by using the rule of LCM and NRV is $31,450.

To determine

The carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018, assuming the LCNRV rule is applied for entire inventory.

Explanation of Solution

The total aggregate inventory cost and aggregate inventory net realizable value is $33,600 and $37,570 respectively. Therefore, the carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2018, using the LCNRV rule applied for entire inventory is $33,600. There is no inventory write-downs as the LCNRV is already recorded at cost.