Human Anatomy (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134320762
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Robert B. Tallitsch, Judi L. Nath
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 6RFT
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Muscles are made up of two main protein filaments namely, a thick filament that is made up of a protein called myosin and a thin filament that is composed of a protein known as actin. When these two filaments crossover one another in a row of repetitive events then muscle contraction takes place.
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(a) Describe the roles of ATP in the sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
(b) Describe the basic sequence of events that occurs as an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction and is transmitted to the muscle cell for contraction.
(a) Describe the structure of a sarcomere and indicate the relationship of the sarcomere to myofilaments. (b) Explain the sliding filament model of contraction using appropriately labeled diagrams of a relaxed and a contracted sarcomere.
During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber,calcium ions(A) break cross-bridges as a cofactor in hydrolysis of ATP.(B) bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosinbinding sites on actin are exposed.(C) transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to themuscle fiber.(D) spread action potentials through the T tubules.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Human Anatomy (9th Edition)
Ch. 9 - 1. Active sites on actin become available for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RFTCh. 9 - Prob. 3RFTCh. 9 - 4. Another name for a muscle that is a prime mover...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RFTCh. 9 - Prob. 6RFTCh. 9 - 7. The theory that explains muscle contraction is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8RFTCh. 9 - Label the illustrations to the right as...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RC
Ch. 9 - 2. The ability to recover from injuries in older...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3RCCh. 9 - Prob. 4RCCh. 9 - Prob. 5RCCh. 9 - A motor unit from a skeletal muscle contains 1500...Ch. 9 - 7. What is the role of the zone of overlap in...Ch. 9 - Several anatomy students take up weight lifting...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2CT
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- In a general sense, how do skeletal muscles produce movement?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardWhat is a motor unit? Why does a rapid series of muscle twitches yield a stronger overall contraction than a single twitch?arrow_forward
- (a) What are myofibrils? (b) Which components of the sarcoplasm separate the myofibrils in a fiber from one another?arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the “junction points” between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the “subunits” within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls” described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardGiven these events:(1) The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+.(2) The sarcoplasmic reticulum takes up Ca2+.(3) Calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm.(4) An action potential moves down the T tubule.(5) The sarcomere shortens.(6) The muscle relaxes.Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occurfollowing a single stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber.a. 1,3,4,5,2,6 c. 4,1,3,5,2,6 e. 5,1,4,3,2,6b. 2,3,5,4,6,1 d. 4,2,3,5,1,6arrow_forward
- Place these structures in order from LARGEST structure to SMALLEST: A) Myofibril B) Myofilament (MYOSIN) 1 C) Muscle Body D) Muscle Bundle (Fascicle) E) Muscle Fiber F) Myofilament (ACTIN)arrow_forwardIf a muscle cell had very short T-tubules, how much tension would the muscle fiber create, relative to a normal muscle fiber? Assume sarcoplasmic reticulum can still react to activity at the neuromuscular junction. a)Less tension would be created. b) No difference in tension creation. c) More tension would be created. d) No tension would be created.arrow_forwardA muscle fiber is the same thing as a: a) myofibril. b) myocyte. c) myofilament. d) fascicle.arrow_forward
- 3) List and define the organizational structure of skeletal muscle beginning with the sacrcomere up ABC to a whole muscle. 4) Explain the differences between the zones and bands of a sarcomere. 5) List and explain the differences between contractile and non-contractile proteins. 6) What are the agonists, synergists, and antagonists to go from sitting to standing from a chair. 7) Provide an every day example of each of the 3 types of muscle actions. Name the muscle involved as well as the movement. 8) Why do we store energy as ATP and resynthesize it, instead of just storing all we need. 9) What are the differences between resting, steady state, and maximal metabolic rate? 10) Why would someone measure arm circumference? How would that be helpful? 11) MRI results in a grayscale of 0 (black) to 256 (white) for each pixel of tissue. How do we tell the difference between different types of tissue in the cross section of a limb (arm or leg, e.g. what's the difference between muscle and fat,…arrow_forwardIn skeletal muscle, the sarcolemma is directly covered by: a) epimysium. b) perimysium. c) endomysium.arrow_forwardGiven these events:(1) Calcium ions combine with tropomyosin.(2) Calcium ions combine with troponin.(3) Tropomyosin pulls away from actin.(4) Troponin pulls away from actin.(5) Tropomyosin pulls away from myosin.(6) Troponin pulls away from myosin.(7) Myosin binds to actin.Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occurduring muscle contraction.a. 1,4,7 c. 1,3,7 e. 2,3,7b. 2,5,6 d. 2,4,7arrow_forward
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