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Concept explainers
To explain:
How cells respond to the external signals even when those signals cannot enter the cell.
Concept Introduction:
The external signaling response in the cell includes the environmental stress response signal and the binding of growth factor proteins on the receptor of the cell. The receptor protein complex consists of the alpha and beta subunits which combine together.
The receptor molecules dimerize and combine the different subunits to activate it on the membrane of the cell. This causes the activation of the phosphorylation cascade in the membrane. The protein kinase enzymes activate the cell signaling proteins in the form of a network. This causes the stimulus to enter the nucleus of the cell.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: How Life Works - Standalone book
- 4.arrow_forward2arrow_forward1. 2. 3. Marine fish cells are hypotonic compared to their seawater environment; their cells lose water by osmosis and gain solutes. If you add heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration together and then subtract that value from gross primary productivity, then you have a more refined estimate of ecosystem carbon storage than NEE. Differential heating due to the earth's tilt generates the global wind AND oceanic circulation patternsarrow_forward
- KD 200- 116- 66- Vec ATF6 (670) ATF6 (402) ATF6 (373) ATF6 (366) I I 45- 1 2 3 4 5 ATFG (360) (e/c) 9V ATFG (402) g ant- ATF anti-KDEL DAPI barrow_forwardWestern blot results: what information can you get? Presence of proteins of your interest Levels of protein expression Levels of protein activation (must use activation state-specific antibody) Decreased function of the ATM kinase in aging mice. A C57BL/6 female 6 month Con IR 20 month C57BL/6 male 6 month 28 month Con IR Con IR Con IR p-ATM (S1981) ATM P-p53 (ser18) Actinarrow_forwardDoes it show the level of proteins? What about the amount? Levels of protein activation? How can you tell? Does the thickness tell you anything? What about the number of the lines?arrow_forward
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