Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 3E
Time-related factors and order effects can threaten internal validity for some within-subjects experiments. Describe the kind of study for which these factors can be a problem and explain how they can be a confounding variable in some within-subjects designs.
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What is a confounding variable in research, and how can it affect the results of a study? Provide an example of a confounding variable in a hypothetical study.
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What benefit does conducting an experiment to prove that free coffee causes more frequent shoe purchases have beyond determining cause and effect? An experiment allows the researcher to include as many variables as possible in the experiment . An experiment allows the researcher to cross -check that their observations are correct . This type of study allows a researcher to employ a case study research design . An experiment allows the researcher to eliminate the effects of confounding variables
Chapter 9 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Describe the general characteristics of a...Ch. 9.1 - Describe how time-related factors such as history,...Ch. 9.2 - For a within-subjects experiment, explain how the...Ch. 9.2 - Define counterbalancing and explain how it is used...Ch. 9.2 - Describe the limitations of counterbalancing and...Ch. 9.3 - Explain the general advantages and disadvantages...Ch. 9.3 - Define a matched-subject design and explain how it...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the different ways that within-subjects...Ch. 9 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 9 - Describe the characteristics of a within-subjects...
Ch. 9 - Time-related factors and order effects can...Ch. 9 - For a within-subjects experiment that includes a...Ch. 9 - Under what circumstances is it advisable to switch...Ch. 9 - Describe the circumstances in which...Ch. 9 - Explain why partial counterbalancing is sometimes...Ch. 9 - Describe the problems that can be caused by...Ch. 9 - A researcher has a sample of 30 rats that are all...Ch. 9 - Explain how a matched-subjects design attempts to...Ch. 9 - Describe the disadvantages of a multiple-treatment...Ch. 9 - At the beginning of this chapter, we described a...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardThis case study looks at the introduction of a pet therapy program. The evaluator looks at a number of variables including patient age, gender, and length of stay in the rehabilitation unit. The evaluator did not look at the type of injury or the type of therapy the patient was receiving. This study found no statistically significant relationship between the number of pet visits and satisfaction with the pet therapy project. Suppose there was a statistically significant difference between number of visits and satisfaction. What would this mean for the evaluation of the pet therapy program?arrow_forwardA criminologist studied fear of crime, age, and gender of people who were present for Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. The dependent variable in this study isarrow_forward
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- Sociologists argued that women on average earn less than men as women often choose to work less hours. They further suggest that the choice of hours worked may be driven by various factors such as age, childcare needs, occupation choice and flexibility. To investigate the relation between hours worked and income earned by Australian men and women, a researcher plans to survey a sample of individuals across the country. What are the two main variables the researcher should consider collecting data for the purpose of the above analysis and why? Identify the data type(s) for the variables.arrow_forwardSuppose you are conducting a study about how the average U.S. worker spends time over the course of a workday. You are interested in how much time workers spend per day on personal calls, e-mails, and social networking websites, as well as how much time they spend socializing with coworkers versus actually working. The most recent census provides data for the entire population of U.S. workers on variables such as travel time to work, time spent at work, and break time at work. The census, however, does not include data on the variables you are interested in, so you obtain a random sample of 82 full-time workers in the United States and ask about personal calls, e-mails, and so forth. You are curious about how your sample compares with the census, so you also ask the workers the same questions about work that are asked in the census. Suppose the mean break time per day from the most recent census is 29.6 minutes, with a standard deviation of 16.0 minutes. Your sample of 82 U.S. workers…arrow_forwardSuppose you are conducting a study about how the average U.S. worker spends time over the course of a workday. You are interested in how much time workers spend per day on personal calls, e-mails, and social networking websites, as well as how much time they spend socializing with coworkers versus actually working. The most recent census provides data for the entire population of U.S. workers on variables such as travel time to work, time spent at work, and break time at work. The census, however, does not include data on the variables you are interested in, so you obtain a random sample of 82 full-time workers in the United States and ask about personal calls, e-mails, and so forth. You are curious about how your sample compares with the census, so you also ask the workers the same questions about work that are asked in the census. Suppose the mean break time per day from the most recent census is 29.6 minutes, with a standard deviation of 16.0 minutes. Your sample of 82 U.S. workers…arrow_forward
- This case study looks at the introduction of a pet therapy program. The evaluator looks at a number of variables including patient age, gender, and length of stay in the rehabilitation unit. The evaluator did not look at the type of injury or the type of therapy the patient was receiving. This study found no statistically significant relationship between the number of pet visits and satisfaction with the pet therapy project. What does this mean for the evaluation?arrow_forwardWhat variable of this study could have been controlled?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference from a controlled variable and the control in a scientific experiment?arrow_forward
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