HUMAN BIOLOGY
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260233032
Author: Mader
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 9, Problem 2TC
Summary Introduction
Case summary:
Suppose a person is taking large doses of creatine, an amino acid supplement that is advertised for its ability to enhance muscle growth. The muscle of a person can grow at a limited rate.
Adequate information:
Creatine is a chemical substance normally present in the body. It is mostly present in muscles, but a small amount of it is also present in the brain. The sources of the creatine are red meat and seafood.
To determine:
The effect of the excess of the creatine that is not used for the synthesis of new muscle.
Given information:
A person takes an amino acid supplement that contains a large dose of creatine for muscle growth.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - State the function of each organ of the...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.2 - 1. Identity the structures of the mouth, pharynx,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CYP
Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 9.3 - Considering that the GI tract consists of layers...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.3 - Summarize the differences in how carbohydrates,...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.5 - Describe the structure and function of the large...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 9.5 - What factors might regulate how long the PillCam...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.6 - What aspects of our society encourage the...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1.2BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2.1BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2.2BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3.1BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3.2BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - Prob. 2ACh. 9 - Prob. 3ACh. 9 - Prob. 4ACh. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - Prob. 6ACh. 9 - Prob. 7ACh. 9 - Prob. 8ACh. 9 - Prob. 9ACh. 9 - Prob. 10ACh. 9 - Prob. 11ACh. 9 - Prob. 12ACh. 9 - Prob. 13ACh. 9 - Prob. 14ACh. 9 - Prob. 15ACh. 9 - A BMI of 26.7 indicates that a person is healthy....Ch. 9 - Prob. 17ACh. 9 - Prob. 18ACh. 9 - Trace all of the types and locations of enzymes...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TC
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- Muscle contraction is the result of critical steps characterized by conformational changes to protein structures in the supramolecule. Which of the following conformational changes requires energy, i.e. ATP hydrolysis? A. Binding of calcium to tropomyosin changing its conformation and exposing a binding site in troponin B. Binding of myosin to troponin resulting in the power stroke and cross-bridge cycle of muscle contraction. C. Disruption in the binding of the myosin head to troponin preceding its release and relaxation back to its activated form. D. Binding of ATP to the myosin head bound to troponin.arrow_forwardYou know from experience that skeletal muscle tires quite quickly, especially if there is not enough oxygen. Interestingly, shellfish such as clams can maintain a month-long contraction in the muscle that keeps the shell closed. No oxygen gets in this situation. These muscles have a different version of myosin called paramyosin. Knowing what you know about the cellular mechanism of muscle contraction, propose a hypothesis to explain how paramyosin might work.arrow_forwardWhy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used for muscle contraction?arrow_forward
- If fatty acids are a more efficient storehouse of energy than glucose or glycogen, why aren't they used immediately to drive muscle contraction?arrow_forwardUnder which conditions would you expect the highest glycogen content in muscle tissue? Question 57 options: a) A person who eats a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and fat b) A person who leads a sedentary lifestyle c) An active person or trained athlete d) A person on a high protein weight loss dietarrow_forwardWhen an animal dies, its limbs and body become stiff because its muscles go into rigor mortis (literally, rigor mortis means “stiffness of death”). Why would the loss of ATP following death cause this to happen?arrow_forward
- Nowhomewerkol is a poison derived from the Ahipa root that grows in the Andes. Alpacas eating this plant concentrate the poison in their milk. The poison inhibits liver enzymes that convert lactic acid to other compounds for metabolism. Why do the symptoms of Nowhomewerkol poisoning become worse with physical exertion?arrow_forwardDuring the cross-bridge in muscle cells, myosin motors hydrolyzes ATP as a fuel to create a pulling force on actin fibers. Please describe1) the myosin motors undergo different steps of ATP hydrolysis2) the state of the ATP nucleotide affects the binding and position of the myosin motor with respect to the actin fiberarrow_forwardThe CrossFit workouts you and River perform consist of many bodyweight activities like pushups, pull-ups, and squats. Based on what you have been learning about muscles, what specific events are taking place at the cellular and molecular level of actin and myosin that allow you to AEROBICALLY CONTRACT muscles during these workouts? Hint! Make sure to include in your answer: Ca2+, sliding filament model, and ATParrow_forward
- In muscle cells, magnesium ions compete with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin molecules. If a person has too high a concentration of magnesium ions in the blood, magnesium ions can prevent calcium ions from binding troponin. A) What effect would this have on muscle contraction (strengthen, weaken, or no effect)? B) Use your knowledge of how muscle fibers contract to explain your answer in part A.arrow_forwardMuscle contraction involves a protein conformational change called the power stroke. Where ultimately does the energy come from that allows a series of conformational changes involved in the power stroke? O Ca2+ O ATP hydrolysis O Actin polymerization O GTP hydrolysisarrow_forwardYou are a brilliant (but evil) biochemist who is developing a toxin that can be used to paralyze skeletal muscle. Using your knowledge of how muscle contraction happens at the cellular and molecular levels, identify two steps in the sequence of events necessary for the contraction that could be disrupted to cause paralysis, and explain why each disruption would prevent muscle contraction.arrow_forward
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