HUMAN BIOLOGY
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260233032
Author: Mader
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 9, Problem 2TC
Summary Introduction
Case summary:
Suppose a person is taking large doses of creatine, an amino acid supplement that is advertised for its ability to enhance muscle growth. The muscle of a person can grow at a limited rate.
Adequate information:
Creatine is a chemical substance normally present in the body. It is mostly present in muscles, but a small amount of it is also present in the brain. The sources of the creatine are red meat and seafood.
To determine:
The effect of the excess of the creatine that is not used for the synthesis of new muscle.
Given information:
A person takes an amino acid supplement that contains a large dose of creatine for muscle growth.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - State the function of each organ of the...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.2 - 1. Identity the structures of the mouth, pharynx,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CYP
Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 9.3 - Considering that the GI tract consists of layers...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.3 - Summarize the differences in how carbohydrates,...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.5 - Describe the structure and function of the large...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 9.5 - What factors might regulate how long the PillCam...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.6 - What aspects of our society encourage the...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1.2BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2.1BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2.2BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3.1BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3.2BTHCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - Prob. 2ACh. 9 - Prob. 3ACh. 9 - Prob. 4ACh. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - Prob. 6ACh. 9 - Prob. 7ACh. 9 - Prob. 8ACh. 9 - Prob. 9ACh. 9 - Prob. 10ACh. 9 - Prob. 11ACh. 9 - Prob. 12ACh. 9 - Prob. 13ACh. 9 - Prob. 14ACh. 9 - Prob. 15ACh. 9 - A BMI of 26.7 indicates that a person is healthy....Ch. 9 - Prob. 17ACh. 9 - Prob. 18ACh. 9 - Trace all of the types and locations of enzymes...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TC
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- If fatty acids are a more efficient storehouse of energy than glucose or glycogen, why aren't they used immediately to drive muscle contraction?arrow_forwardWhen an animal dies, its limbs and body become stiff because its muscles go into rigor mortis (literally, rigor mortis means “stiffness of death”). Why would the loss of ATP following death cause this to happen?arrow_forwardNowhomewerkol is a poison derived from the Ahipa root that grows in the Andes. Alpacas eating this plant concentrate the poison in their milk. The poison inhibits liver enzymes that convert lactic acid to other compounds for metabolism. Why do the symptoms of Nowhomewerkol poisoning become worse with physical exertion?arrow_forward
- Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. For this purpose, new biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, were developed and can alert endurance athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and will find it difficult to continue exercising. These biosensors monitor lactate present in sweat during strenuous exercise. Propose a hypothesis to explain how lactate can be used as an indicator of exercise capacity.arrow_forwardThe concentration of lactate in blood rises sharply during a sprint and declines slowly for about an hour afterward. What causes the rapid rise in lactate concentration? What causes the decline in lactate concentration after the run?arrow_forwardDuring the cross-bridge in muscle cells, myosin motors hydrolyzes ATP as a fuel to create a pulling force on actin fibers. Please describe1) the myosin motors undergo different steps of ATP hydrolysis2) the state of the ATP nucleotide affects the binding and position of the myosin motor with respect to the actin fiberarrow_forward
- You start to run, and your skeletal muscles need to work harder. Which of the following is the immediate source that your muscles use to get the energy they need? A)Glycolysis B) Oxidative phosphorylation C) Creatine phosphate D)Myoglobinarrow_forwardAcetylcholine (ACh) is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction. The binding of ACh to receptors on muscle cells activates a signal transduction pathway that causes the muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase, the digestive enzyme found on the membranes of muscle cells, is responsible for the breakdown of ACh over time, ending the activation of muscular contraction. Certain chemical compounds, such as sarin gas, act as high-affinity inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following describes the most likely effect that exposure to sarin would have on muscle cells? A B с D complete inhibition of muscle contraction slower transduction of the muscle contraction pathway decrease in the frequency of muscle contraction convulsions due to continuous muscle contractionarrow_forwardIf you were able to control fatigue in the muscle cell experimentally such that you only exposed the muscle to high levels of Pi and no other metabolites, what would you observe? A decline in force without much change in velocity A decline in velocity without much change in force A muscle operating below Lo A decline in both force and velocity An increased affinity of Ca2+ for troponinarrow_forward
- The “glycolytic” white fibers in Human Skeletal Muscle: a. lack myosin b. are used for rapid contraction “burst” exercise c. oxidize glucose to pyruvate and then release lactic acid into the bloodstream d. produce ketone bodies e. produce ethanolarrow_forwardDuring muscle contraction, some energy is supplied from creatine phosphate. Which of the following events occurs during the breakdown of creatine phosphate? Question 6 options: a ATP molecules breakdown producing ADP + P groups. b ATP molecules are formed when P groups are bonded to ADP. c ADP molecules break down producing AMP + P groups. d ADP molecules are formed when P groups are bonded to AMParrow_forward32) marathon runners would use which of the following to produce energy in muscle tissue? a) aerobic pathway b) glycolytic pathway c) creatine phosphokinase d) creatine phosphatearrow_forward
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