Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 1SOP
To determine
The diameter of the red supergiant star.
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For a main sequence star with luminosity L, how many kilograms of hydrogen is being converted into helium per second? Use the formula that you derive to estimate the mass of hydrogen atoms that are converted into helium in the interior of the sun (LSun = 3.9 x 1026 W).
(Note: the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 mproton and the mass of a helium atom is 3.97 mproton. You need four hydrogen nuclei to form one helium nucleus.)
The mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars. It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙.
If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
If a star has a surface temperature 2 times lower than the Sun's and a luminosity the same as the Sun, how many times larger is the star than the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Why was the Hipparcos satellite able to make more...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3RQCh. 9 - Prob. 4RQCh. 9 - Prob. 5RQCh. 9 - Prob. 6RQCh. 9 - Prob. 7RQCh. 9 - Prob. 8RQCh. 9 - Prob. 9RQCh. 9 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 9 - Prob. 11RQCh. 9 - Prob. 12RQCh. 9 - Prob. 13RQCh. 9 - Prob. 14RQCh. 9 - Prob. 15RQCh. 9 - Prob. 16RQCh. 9 - Prob. 17RQCh. 9 - Prob. 18RQCh. 9 - Prob. 19RQCh. 9 - Prob. 20RQCh. 9 - Prob. 21RQCh. 9 - Prob. 22RQCh. 9 - Prob. 23RQCh. 9 - Prob. 24RQCh. 9 - Prob. 25RQCh. 9 - Prob. 26RQCh. 9 - Prob. 27RQCh. 9 - Prob. 28RQCh. 9 - Prob. 29RQCh. 9 - Prob. 30RQCh. 9 - Prob. 31RQCh. 9 - Prob. 32RQCh. 9 - How Do We Know? In what way are basic scientific...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1PCh. 9 - Prob. 2PCh. 9 - Prob. 3PCh. 9 - Prob. 4PCh. 9 - Complete the following table:Ch. 9 - Prob. 6PCh. 9 - Prob. 7PCh. 9 - Prob. 8PCh. 9 - Prob. 9PCh. 9 - Prob. 10PCh. 9 - Prob. 11PCh. 9 - Prob. 12PCh. 9 - Prob. 13PCh. 9 - Prob. 14PCh. 9 - Prob. 15PCh. 9 - Prob. 16PCh. 9 - Prob. 17PCh. 9 - Prob. 18PCh. 9 - Prob. 19PCh. 9 - Prob. 20PCh. 9 - Prob. 1SOPCh. 9 - Prob. 2SOPCh. 9 - Prob. 3SOPCh. 9 - Look at the image on the opening page of this...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 9 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 9 - Prob. 4LTL
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- Are supergiant stars also extremely massive? Explain the reasoning behind your answer.arrow_forwardIf you were to compare three stars with the same surface temperature, with one star being a giant, another a supergiant, and the third a main-sequence star, how would their radii compare to one another?arrow_forwardUse the H-R Diagram below to help answer the following questions. Luminosity (solar units) 10,000+ 1,000+ 100+ 10- .01+ .001+ .0001 B White Dwarfs 20,000 B Spectral Type A Main Sequence D 10,000 Temperature (K) FGK Red Giants 5,000 M -5 10 15 Absolute Magnitudearrow_forward
- Which statement is most logical? a First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because the materials used to make clouds were more abundant at the beginning b First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because the temperatures of the clouds that made them were higher because they consisted entirely of hydrogen and helium c First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because star-forming clouds were much denser early in time d First stars are thought to have been more massive than Sun because the clouds that made them were much more massivearrow_forwardA star has a measured radial velocity of 300 km/s. If you measure the wavelength of a particular spectral line of Hydrogen as 657.18 nm, what was the laboratory wavelength (in nm) of the line? (Round your answer to at least one decimal place.) nm Which spectral line does this likely correspond to? Balmer-alpha (656.3 nm) Balmer-beta (486.1 nm) Balmer-gamma (434.0 nm) Balmer-del ta (410.2 nm)arrow_forwardThe lowest mass for a true star is 1/12 the mass of the sun. What is the luminosity of this star (in units of the sun’s luminosity) based upon mass luminosity relationship? Use the exponent of 4 for easy calculations instead of 3.9arrow_forward
- 12: A star with spectral type A0 has a surface temperature of 9600 K and a radius of 2.2 RSun. How many times more luminous is this star than the Sun? (if it is less luminous enter a number less than one) Answer: 36.854 13:This star has a mass of 3.3 MSun. what is the main sequence lifetime of this star? You may assume that the lifetime of the sun is 1010 yr. Please answer question 13 thank you.arrow_forward12. A star with spectral type MO has a surface temperature of 3750 K and a radius of 0.63 Rsun: How many times more luminous is this star than the Sun? (if it is less luminous enter a number less than one) Answer: Submit All Answers Last Answer: 0.0923 Incorrect, tries 1/5. Hint: Use the Luminosity equation, which says that L is proportional to R^2 T^4. If you keep these as ratios compared to the sun, your L will also come out as a ratio compared to the Sun. This star has a mass of 0.4 Msun- Using the simple approximation that we made in class, what is the main sequence lifetime of this star? You may assume that the lifetime of the sun is 1010 yr. Answer: Submit All Answers Compare this to the lifetime of a MO star listed in Table 22.1 (computed using a more sophisticated approach). Is the value you calculated in the previous problem longer or shorter than what is reported in the table? (L for longer, S for shorter) (You only get one try at this problem.) Answer: Submit All Answersarrow_forwardThe H-R diagram is the most important graph in astronomy. One of the reasons that this graph is so powerful is the number of different kinds of data it shows. Most graphs show two types of data. The H-R diagram shows seven. Can you name these 7 types of information about stars that appear on the H-R diagram?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is least reasonable regarding stars on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? 1)Stars with the largest radii are found in the upper right of the diagram. 2) Red giants are found in the upper right of the diagram. 3)White dwarfs are found in the lower left of the diagram. 4) On the main sequence, the mass of stars generally increases to the right.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding the mass of stars? Group of answer choices The vast majority of stars fall into the range of 0.08 to 100 solar mass. Stars which are too small cannot sustain nuclear fusion. Stars which are excessively big are too sluggish to sustain nuclear fusion. There are more stars on the low end than on the high end of the mass spectrum. A brown dwarf has a mass just below the least massive star.arrow_forwardStar A and Star B are both on the main sequence. Star A is 74 times more luminous than Star B. What is the ratio of their main-sequence lifetimes? Hint: Refer to the stellar life expectancies equation,arrow_forward
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