Most nerve cells in the adult human central nervous system, as well as heart muscle cells, do not divide. In contrast, cells lining the inside of the small intestine divide frequently. Discuss this difference in terms of why damage to the nervous system and heart muscle cells (for example, that caused by a stroke or heart attack) is so dangerous. What do you think might happen to tissues such as the intestinal lining if a disorder blocked mitotic cell division in all cells of the body?

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Answer 1

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Chapter 9, Problem 1AC

Most nerve cells in the adult human central nervous system, as well as heart muscle cells, do not divide. In contrast, cells lining the inside of the small intestine divide frequently. Discuss this difference in terms of why damage to the nervous system and heart muscle cells (for example, that caused by a stroke or heart attack) is so dangerous. What do you think might happen to tissues such as the intestinal lining if a disorder blocked mitotic cell division in all cells of the body?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

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In normally dividing cells, once chromosomes have been properly segregated via the steps of mitosis, the two resulting “daughter cells” separate. In animal cells (and other cell types without a cell wall) the contractile ring plays a crucial role in the process of cytokinesis. Exactly how the contractile ring is accurately positioned, so as to be located midway between the two poles (ends) of the dividing cell, is still not fully understood, although factors released from the mitotic spindle are thought to play a role.Regardless of the precise positioning mechanism, one key player in the assembly of the contractile ring is the GTP/GDP binding protein Rho. In its active form, Rho can stimulate the activity of the actin-binding protein formin and (via effects on the myosin regulatory light chain) that of myosin II. Given their respective roles, why might activation of formin and myosin II be beneficial as cells assemble a functional contractile ring structure?

The phases of mitosis are shown in Figure 6.4. Mitosis is the type of nuclear division that occurs when an animal or plant grows larger and when injury heals. Two daughter cells result because there is only one round of division, and it keeps the chromosome number constant (same as the parent cell). The prophase cell in Figure 6.4 has the same number of chromosomes as the telophase nuclei in Figure 6.4. Explain the different appearance of the chromosomes.

The cell cycle is highly regulated and involves many steps to ensure that a cell is ready to divide. For this reason, cells cycle between interphase and mitosis. Which of the following describes the consequence of a severe disruption of interphase in cells in healthy tissue? Disruption of interphase will have no effect on mitosis because they are two completely independent processes. Disruption of interphase will lead to a faster and more efficient mitotic cycle, which will result in increased cell division and tissue growth. Disruption of interphase will trigger the cell to switch to a mitotic phase and repeatedly divide, which will result in the massive proliferation of the cells and heightened tissue growth. Disruption of interphase will result in the cell being unable to synthesize proteins and organelles required to divide, which will result in the cell not passing key checkpoints and ceasing to divide.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

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Chapter 9, Problem 1AC

Most nerve cells in the adult human central nervous system, as well as heart muscle cells, do not divide. In contrast, cells lining the inside of the small intestine divide frequently. Discuss this difference in terms of why damage to the nervous system and heart muscle cells (for example, that caused by a stroke or heart attack) is so dangerous. What do you think might happen to tissues such as the intestinal lining if a disorder blocked mitotic cell division in all cells of the body?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

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Answer 3

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Chapter 9, Problem 1AC

Most nerve cells in the adult human central nervous system, as well as heart muscle cells, do not divide. In contrast, cells lining the inside of the small intestine divide frequently. Discuss this difference in terms of why damage to the nervous system and heart muscle cells (for example, that caused by a stroke or heart attack) is so dangerous. What do you think might happen to tissues such as the intestinal lining if a disorder blocked mitotic cell division in all cells of the body?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

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Chapter 9, Problem 1AC

Most nerve cells in the adult human central nervous system, as well as heart muscle cells, do not divide. In contrast, cells lining the inside of the small intestine divide frequently. Discuss this difference in terms of why damage to the nervous system and heart muscle cells (for example, that caused by a stroke or heart attack) is so dangerous. What do you think might happen to tissues such as the intestinal lining if a disorder blocked mitotic cell division in all cells of the body?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The reason why the damage to nervous system or heart muscle cells is so dangerous and things that will happen if the mitotic cell division of the cells lining the intestine is blocked.

Introduction:

The cell division involves a series of events which leads to the formation of daughter cells from the parent. There are two different types of the process through which the cell division can take place, namely- mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The nerve cells in the human adult central nervous system do not divide. The reason is unknown; however, it has been studied that molecular mechanisms might be involved that inhibit the outgrowth of axons. The local environment of the brain restricts the extensions of growth cones. Similarly, the heart cells do not divide. The myocytes or the heart cells actively perform functions and hence do not enter the cell cycle. Damage to nervous system cells and heart cells is dangerous because the damage cannot be repaired through the cell division of cells.

If somehow, the mitotic division of the cells of the intestine and the cells of the body is blocked, then the cells will not be replaced. Since, the cells lining the intestine divide frequently, the blocking of mitosis will have severe effects on the intestine. Cells lying inner to the intestinal layer would become exposed and they would also be damaged. The cells which divide frequently will be affected first.

Answer 13

Conclusion

Damage to nervous system and heart muscle cells would result in serious complications as the damage will not be repaired. If the mitosis of the intestinal lining cells will be blocked, the inner layer of cells will also get damaged as the intestinal layer divide frequently. The cells which divide more frequently will be affected first.

Answer 14

Ch. 9.1 - describe the types of cells found in a...Ch. 9.1 - describe the functions of cell division in...Ch. 9.2 - describe the prokaryotic cell cycle and the major...Ch. 9.3 - describe the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome?Ch. 9.3 - describe the functions of telomeres and...Ch. 9.4 - Body, Heal Thyself Ligaments and tendons have a...Ch. 9.4 - describe the events of the eukaryotic cell cycle?Ch. 9.4 - explain the difference between mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - Body, Heal Thyself The precision of mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - describe the steps of mitotic cell division?

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