Concept explainers
To determine: The cell generations that have elapsed since the days of the original acceptor parents for one difference per 1000 nucleotides to have accumulated in modern humans by assuming that all germ-line mutations that arise are preserved in descendants.
Introduction: The accuracy in replication of DNA is the most fundamental aspect of living system. Proof reading mechanism and DNA repair mechanism have a very significant role in minimizing errors between generations. A single base substitution can also result in significant impact on protein production.
To determine: How many years ago would the ancestral couple has lived by assuming that each human generation corresponds on average to 200 cell-division cycles in the germ cell lineage and allowing 30 years per human generation.
Introduction: Mutation may create a devastating genetic disorder, a beneficial adaptation, or might have a null effect. Every closely related species would share almost similar nucleotide sequences; they might be distinguished by the change in a single nucleotide sequence.
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