Linear Algebra and Its Applications (5th Edition)

5th Edition

ISBN: 9780321982384

Author: David C. Lay, Steven R. Lay, Judi J. McDonald

Publisher: PEARSON

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Textbook Question

Chapter 8.6, Problem 1PP

A spline usually refers to a curve that passes through specified points. A B-spline, however, usually does not pass through its control points. A single segment has the parametric form

$x ( t ) = 1 6 [ ( 1 − t ) 3 p 0 + ( 3 t 3 − 6 t 2 + 4 ) p 1 + ( − 3 t 3 + 3 t 2 + 3 t + 1 ) p 2 + t 3 p 3 ]$ (14)

for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. where p₀, p₁, p₂, and p₃ are the control points. When t varies from 0 to 1, x(t) creates a short curve that lies close to $p 1 p 2 ¯$ . Basic algebra shows that the B-spline formula can also be written as

$x ( t ) = 1 6 [ ( 1 − t ) 3 p 0 + ( 3 t ( 1 − t ) 2 − 3 t + 4 ) p 1 + ( 3 t 2 ( 1 − t ) + 3 t + 1 ) p 2 + t 3 p 3 ]$ (15)

This shows the similarity with the Bézier curve. Except for the 1/6 factor at the front, the p₀ and p₃ terms are the same. The p₁ component has been increased by – 3t + 4 and the p₂ component has been increased by 3t + 1. These components move the curve closer to $p 1 p 2 ¯$ than the Bézier curve. The 1/6 factor is necessary to keep the sum of the coefficients equal to 1. Figure 10 compares a B-spline with a Bézier curve that has the same control points.

Chapter 8.6, Problem 1PP, A spline usually refers to a curve that passes through specified points. A B-spline, however,

FIGURE 10 A B-spline segment and a Bézier curve.

1. Show that the B-spline does not begin at p₀, but x(0) is in conv {p₀, p₁, p₂}. Assuming that p₀, p₁, and p₂ are affinely independent, find the affine coordinates of x(0) with respect to {p₀, p₁, p₂}.

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Chapter 8.5, Problem 22E

Chapter 8.6, Problem 2PP

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Linear Algebra and Its Applications (5th Edition)

Ch. 8.1 - Plot the points v1=[10],v2=[12], v3=[31], and...Ch. 8.1 - In Exercises 14, write y as an affine combination...Ch. 8.1 - In Exercises 14, write y as an affine combination...Ch. 8.1 - In Exercises 14, write y as an affine combination...Ch. 8.1 - In Exercises 14, write y as an affine combination...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 9E

Ch. 8.1 - Suppose that the solutions of an equation Ax = b...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.1 - a. If S = {x}, then aff S is the empty set. b. A...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.1 - Choose a set S of three points such that aff S is...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.2 - Describe a fast way to determine when three points...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2PP Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.2 - In Exercises 9 and 10, mark each statement True or...Ch. 8.2 - a. If{v1,....,vp} is an affinely dependent set in...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.2 - The conditions for affine dependence are stronger...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.2 - Let T be a tetrahedron in standard position, with...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.2 - In Exercises 21-24, a, b, and c are noncollinear...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1PP Ch. 8.3 - Let S be the set of points on the curve y = 1/x...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.3 - Describe the convex hull of the set S of points...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.3 - Repeat Exercise 9 for the points q1, , q5 whose...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.3 - In Exercises 11 and 12, mark each statement True...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.3 - Let v1 = [10], v2 = [12], v3 = [42], v4 = [40],...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.3 - In Exercises 17-20, prove the given statement...Ch. 8.3 - In Exercises 17-20, prove the given statement...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1PP Ch. 8.4 - Let L be the line in 2 through the points [14] and...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.4 - In Exercises 3 and 4, determine whether each set...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.4 - In Exercises 7-10, let H be the hyperplane through...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.4 - Let a1=[215], a2=[313], a3=[160], b1=[051],...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.4 - Let F1 and F2 be 4-dimensional flats in 6, and...Ch. 8.4 - In Exercises 15-20, write a formula for a linear...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.4 - In Exercises 15-20, write a formula for a linear...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.4 - Let p=[41], Find a hyperplane [f : d] that...Ch. 8.4 - Let q=[23] and p=[61]. Find a hyperplane [f : d]...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.4 - Prove that the convex hull of a bounded set is...Ch. 8.5 - Find the minimal representation of the polytope P...Ch. 8.5 - Given points p1 = [10], p2 = [23], and p3 = [12]...Ch. 8.5 - Given points p1 = [01], p2 = [21], and p3 = [12]...Ch. 8.5 - Repeat Exercise 1 where m is the minimum value of...Ch. 8.5 - Repeat Exercise 2 where m is the minimum value of...Ch. 8.5 - In Exercises 5-8, find the minimal representation...Ch. 8.5 - In Exercises 5-8, find the minimal representation...Ch. 8.5 - In Exercises 5-8, find the minimal representation...Ch. 8.5 - In Exercises 5-8, find the minimal representation...Ch. 8.5 - Let S = {(x, y) : x2 + (y 1)2 1} {(3, 0)}. Is...Ch. 8.5 - Find an example of a closed convex set S in 2 such...Ch. 8.5 - Find an example of a bounded convex set S in 2...Ch. 8.5 - a. Determine the number of k-faces of the...Ch. 8.5 - a. Determine the number of k-faces of the...Ch. 8.5 - Suppose v1, , vk are linearly independent vectors...Ch. 8.5 - A k-pyramid Pk is the convex hull of a (k ...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.5 - In Exercises 16 and 17, mark each statement True...Ch. 8.5 - Let v be an element of the convex set S. Prove...Ch. 8.5 - If c and S is a set, define cS = {cx : x S}....Ch. 8.5 - Find an example to show that the convexity of S is...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.6 - A spline usually refers to a curve that passes...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2PP Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.6 - Let x(t) and y(t) be Bzier curves from Exercise 5,...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.6 - In Exercises 11 and 12, mark each statement True...Ch. 8.6 - In Exercises 11 and 12, mark each statement True...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.6 - Explain why a cubic Bzier curve is completely...Ch. 8.6 - TrueType fonts, created by Apple Computer and...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 18E

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the B-spline does not begin at p_0, but it's in the affine coordinates.

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