Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The dashed lines between water molecule in the given representation has to be identified and explained.
Concept Introduction:
Hydrogen bond is an attractive force established between hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative element and another highly electronegative element of the same or different molecule.
There are two types of hydrogen bonds,
- (1) Intermolecular hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bond formed between two molecules.
- (2) Intramolecular hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bond formed between two different atoms in the same molecule.
(b)
Interpretation:
The atoms on two adjacent water molecule in the given represntation has to be labelled with
Concept Introduction:
Hydrogen bond is an attractive force established between hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative element and another highly electronegative element of the same or different molecule.
There are two types of hydrogen bonds,
- (1) Intermolecular hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bond formed between two molecules.
- (2) Intramolecular hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bond formed between two different atoms in the same molecule.
Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.
A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)
- A partial positive and negative charge appears in a molecule in order of electronegativity.
- More electronegative atoms gain a partial negative charge while the less electronegative atom becomes partially positive.
(c)
Interpretation:
The hydrogen bonding in four molecules of ammonia has to be illustrated.
Concept Introduction:
Hydrogen bond is an attractive force established between hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative element and another highly electronegative element of the same or different molecule.
There are two types of hydrogen bonds,
- (1) Intermolecular hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bond formed between two molecules.
- (2) Intramolecular hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bond formed between two different atoms in the same molecule.
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