21st Century Astronomy (fifth Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780393603330
Author: Laura Kay, Stacy Palen, George Blumenthal
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 8.2CYU
To determine
The amount of element A remaining after
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Students have asked these similar questions
What is "half-life"?
Select one:
a. The time needed for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay
b. the time needed for a radioactive atom to lose half its energy
c. the time needed for the mass of a radioactive atom to decrease by one-half
3. The element tungsten (W) is important for Hf/W dating of core formation in rocky
planets. Tungsten has lithophile and siderophile tendencies and will be distributed
between the silicate and metallic portions of the Earth. The W concentration in Earth's
mantle is 16 ppb (16 ng/g). Given D = 42 for metal/silicate partitioning, calculate the W
concentration in Earth's core and in the bulk Earth. You can assume Ycore = 0.325 and
= 0.675. The crustal contribution to Earth's tungsten inventory is negligible.
Ymantle
Why are some radioactive substances dangerous for a very long time?
Select one:
a. Some radioactive substances have very long half-lives. It takes a long time for the number of radioactive atoms to decrease.
b. Some radioactive atoms combine easily with minerals in the ground, so they can't be removed from the environment.
c. Some radioactive atoms combine easily with organic molecules. They get into the food chain where they can't be removed.
d. Some radioactive molecules are very light, so they stay in the air for long periods of time.
Chapter 8 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy (fifth Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8.1CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2CYUCh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3CYUCh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.4CYUCh. 8.4 - Prob. 8.5CYUCh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.6CYUCh. 8.6 - Prob. 8.7CYUCh. 8 - Prob. 1QPCh. 8 - Prob. 2QPCh. 8 - Prob. 3QP
Ch. 8 - Prob. 4QPCh. 8 - Prob. 5QPCh. 8 - Prob. 6QPCh. 8 - Prob. 7QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8QPCh. 8 - Prob. 9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 10QPCh. 8 - Prob. 11QPCh. 8 - Prob. 12QPCh. 8 - Prob. 13QPCh. 8 - Prob. 14QPCh. 8 - Prob. 15QPCh. 8 - Prob. 16QPCh. 8 - Prob. 17QPCh. 8 - Prob. 18QPCh. 8 - Prob. 19QPCh. 8 - Prob. 20QPCh. 8 - Prob. 21QPCh. 8 - Prob. 22QPCh. 8 - Prob. 23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 25QPCh. 8 - Prob. 26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 30QPCh. 8 - Prob. 31QPCh. 8 - Prob. 32QPCh. 8 - Prob. 33QPCh. 8 - Prob. 34QPCh. 8 - Prob. 35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 36QPCh. 8 - Prob. 37QPCh. 8 - Prob. 38QPCh. 8 - Prob. 39QPCh. 8 - Prob. 40QPCh. 8 - Prob. 41QPCh. 8 - Prob. 42QPCh. 8 - Prob. 43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 45QP
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- 5. A fossil contains 50% of the carbon-14 it once had as a living creature. Use the half-life decay equation to determine when the creature died. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.arrow_forward1. The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years. If 4.0g of cobalt-60 are allowed to decay for 21.2 years. a. How many grams of cobalt-60 are radioactive? b. How many grams are decayed? c. How many years have gone by if 63/64 of the sample decayed? d. How many grams of the 4.0g sample are radioactive if 63/64 decayed?arrow_forward37. A sample of 4 g of cobalt isotope is produced. If the half-life of is 30 years, what will be the mass of the cobalt remaining after 90 years? Please show all work (ref: p.808-813) hulu video F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 FS & 5 8. R Y (O 图 图 LO T LLarrow_forward
- 6. If Nitrogen-14 absorbs an alpha particle and then emits a Hydrogen-1, what is the resulting nucleus? 7. If Au-185 emits an alpha particle, what is the nucleus formed? 8. What nucleus emits an alpha particle and forms Th-234?arrow_forwardSource A has a half-life of 10 million years, and source B has a half-life of 5 million years. After 10 million years, what percent of each source remains? A. 50% of source A and 25% of source B B. 50% of source A and 0% of source B C. 25% of source A and 25% of source B D. 25% of source A and 0% of source Barrow_forwardThe hot liquid magma of molten earth was on full display in Mauna Loa as it has been actively erupting over the past couple of weeks.Geologist and scientist have determined that about 50% of the earth's interior is due to the release of heat by the decay of radioactive elements like potassium-40, uranium-238 and thorium-232, which have half-lives of 1.25 billion, 4 billion and 14 billion years, respectively. a) Write the equation of the BETA-minus decay of potassium-40. b). Write the equation of the ALPHA decay of uranium-238. c). Write the equation of the ALPHA decay of thorium-232.arrow_forward
- Q2) Since the half-life of U-235 (7.13x108 years) is less than that of U-238 (4.51x 10⁹ years). The isotopic abundance of U-235 has been steadily decreasing since the earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Determine how long ago the isotopic abundance of U-235 was equal to 3.0 weight percent, that is, the enrichment of the uranium used in many nuclear power plants. The present day isotopic abundance of U- 235 is 0.72%.arrow_forwardDATE NAME Half-life Practice 1. What is half-life? 2. If we start with 400 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many would we have after: a. one half-life? b. two half-lives? c. three half-lives? d. four half-lives? 3. If we start with 48 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many would remain after: a. one half-life? b. two half-lives? c. after three half-lives? d. after four half-lives? Using the graph to the right, answer the following questions. 4. What is the half-life of each element? 5. Which element has the shortest half-life? 10- 6. Which element is the most unstable? How do you know? Ago 10 years ) Use the graph on the to answer the following questions. 7. How many atoms are in the original sample size of this radioisotope? 8. How long is the half-life? 9. How many atoms are left after 2 half-lives? 10. Approximately how many days would have to pass for there to be only 2.5 atoms of the sample remaining? How many half-lives? Parcent ot Oniginal Mase Romainingarrow_forwardA sample of carbon-14 initially consists of 5 × 10 24 particles. Carbon-14 has a half- life of 5730 years. a. What is the decay constant for carbon-14? (Answer in units of yr –1 .) b. How many radioactive particles of the sample remain after 100 years? c. What percentage of the radioactive particles remains after 500 years? d. How many radioactive particles of the sample remain after 1000 years? e. How much time will it take for 50% of the particles to decay? f. How much time will it take for 99% of the particles to decay? g. How many half-lives will it take for 99% of the sample to decay? h. What is the initial decay rate of the sample? (Answer in decays/yr.) i. After 200 years, what is the decay rate of the sample? j. How long will it take for the decay rate to decrease to 1015 decays/year? k. How many half-lives have passed after the time you found in part (j)?arrow_forward
- 16.cc1 4. Because of its chemical similarity to calcium, Sr can collect in the bones and present a health risk. What percentage of Sr present initially still exists after 47.6 y?(The half life of Sr is 28.8 years) % ceil6 cc 6arrow_forward3. What is Nuclear Fusion? 4. What is Nuclear Fission?arrow_forwardIn the proton–proton chain, a. no neutrinos are produced. b. energy is released because a helium nucleus has a greater mass than a hydrogen nucleus. c. no photons are produced. d. carbon serves as a catalyst for the nuclear reaction. e. energy is produced in the form of gamma rays and the velocity of the created nuclei.arrow_forward
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Half life | Radioactivity | Physics | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDkNlU7zKYU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY