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Does rudeness really matter in the workplace? Studies have established that rudeness in the workplace can lead to retaliatory and counterproductive behavior. However, there has been little research on how rude behaviors influence a victim’s task performance. Such a study was conducted, with the results published in the Academy of Management Journal (Oct. 2007). College students enrolled in a management course were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: rudeness condition (45 students) and control group (53 students). Each student was asked to write down as many uses for a brick as possible in 5 minutes. For those students in the rudeness condition, the facilitator displayed rudeness by generally berating students for being irresponsible and unprofessional (due to a late-arriving confederate). No comments were made about the late-arriving confederate to students in the control group. The number of different uses for a brick was recorded for each of the 98 students and is shown below. Conduct a statistical analysis (at α = .01) to determine if the true
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Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK STATISTICS FOR BUSINESS AND ECONOMI
- One of the oldest principles of marketing is that sellers may sell features, but buyers essentially buy benefits. This is a distinction sometimes lost on technology ledorganizations, and the service sector is no exception. Recent experience of the UK’s largest telecommunications company, Della’s, illustrates how crucial it is to see service offers in terms of the benefits they bring to customers. The company was aware of extensive research which had found high levels of confusion among purchasers of mobile phones, with a seemingly infinite permutation of features and prices. With four main networks to choose from, dozens of tariffs and hundreds of handsets, it is easy to see why buyers sought a way of simplifying their buying process. Throughout the 1990s, Della’s had positioned its UK network as superior technically to its competitors. Advertising focused on high coverage rates and call reliability.Della’s was the UK's most popular mobile phone operator, with almost eight million…arrow_forwardJachuck et al. (1982) report on a drug designed to reduce hypertension (high blood pressure). Such hypotensive drugs are frequently effective but are also linked to side effects like irritability and a decline in energy. Seventy-five patients with mild hypertension were put on hypotensive drugs and their progress was monitored by doctors and spouses. When asked to rate the treated patients as improved, worse, or unchanged, the doctors rated all 75 patients as "improved." Meanwhile, the spouses rated 74 of the 75 patients as "worse." Why might spouses and doctors differ in their opinion about the effect of going on blood pressure medication?arrow_forwardA researcher investigated whether a father's level of optimism was predictive of his son's optimism as a young adult. Twenty (20) fathers and sons who agreed to participate in the study were administered a scale measuring their current level of optimism (the scale ranged from 10 to 50), with higher scores indicating greater optimism.arrow_forward
- Investigators enrolled 2,100 women in a study and followed them monthly to determine the incidence rate of heart disease. After one month of the first period of observation, none had a new diagnosis of heart disease, but 100 had died. In the second observation period which lasted for three months, 1 had a new diagnosis of heart disease within 1 month, and another 99 died within 2 months. In the third observation period which lasted for four months, another 7 had new diagnoses of heart disease and 793 died within 2 months. Calculate the incidence rate of heart disease among this cohort. Express in 2 decimal places as number of new cases per 1,000 person-time.arrow_forward7. Some years ago, a new brand of toothpaste was introduced in the United States. According to its advertisements, studies showed that it had "considerable success" in improving the health of a person's teeth. Suppose that these studies were designed in the following way. The manufacturer of this toothpaste chose three samples of seven people; the first sample agreed to use the new brand, the second sample used Brand A, and the third sample used Brand B. After six months, a dentist examined each person's teeth and scored the health of his or her teeth on a scale of 0 (lowest possible score) to 100 (highest possible score). The results were as follows: New Brand Brand A Brand B 65 58 54 71 60 38 53 63 43 55 90 61 34 95 94 82 89 96 77 62 82 The manufacturer of the new toothpaste says that the average score for the new brand is 2 points higher than for Brand A and 4 points higher than for Brand B. Would you agree with the manufacturer's advertisements? Explain.arrow_forwardCoku-cola and Pepusi are two duopoly cola brands in the coke market. A market research had been conducted to show the preference of the customers. In the research, one of the element of coke, sweetness, was evaluated, scaling 0 to 1, as an indicator from lighter to sweeter. Based on the research, customers who preferred lighter coke would tend to choose Coku-cola, whereas customers who preferred sweeter coke would choose Pepusi. Investigators also found that the willing-to-pay price of the customers toward their preference was based on the scale of sweetness. The intangible cost to force a sweet-preferred customer to choose a light coke is $1, vice versa. For example, a customer who prefer 0.6 sweetness would buy a perfectly light coke by adding cost $0.6 or buy a perfectly sweet coke by adding $0.4. The sweetness of both brands were tested by a sweetness tester. The result came out that the sweetness of Coku-cola is 0 while the sweetness of Pepusi is 1. Assume the preference of…arrow_forward
- Exercise 3.13 —*** Challenging Question ✶✶✶. Two women, Anna and Bess, claim to be the legal owners of a diamond ring that - each claims - has great sentimental value. Neither of them can produce evidence of ownership and nobody else is staking a claim on the ring. Judge Sabio wants the ring to go to the legal owner, but he does not know which of the two women is in fact the legal owner. He decides to proceed as follows. First he announces a fine of $F > 0 and then asks Anna and Bess to play the following game. Move 1: Anna moves first. Either she gives up her claim to the ring (in which case Bess gets the ring, the game ends and nobody pays the fine) or she asserts her claim, in which case the game proceeds to Move 2. Move 2: Bess either accepts Anna's claim (in which case Anna gets the ring, the game ends and nobody pays the fine) or challenges her claim. In the latter case, Bess must put in a bid, call it B, and Anna must pay the fine of $F to Sabio. The game goes on to Move 3. Move…arrow_forwardIn 2009 the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD) conducted a study of 34 membercountries called the Programme for International StudentAssessment (PISA). The OECD looked at reading scores among 15-year-olds in each country as well as the stu-dents’ socioeconomic backgrounds. PISA reported that higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher reading scores, with their socioeconomic index explain-ing 14% of the variability in reading scores. (Source: Sahlberg, Pasi, “A Model Lesson: FinlandShows Us What Equal Opportunity Looks Like,”American Educator Spring 2012: 25.)Which of the following can be correctly concluded fromthis information?A) For every additional point in the mean reading scorein an OECD country, the PISA socioeconomic indexis expected to increase by 14% on average.B) For every additional one percent increase in the PISAsocioeconomic index, the mean reading score isexpected to increase by 14% on average.C) If the U.S. government wants to…arrow_forwardThe Implicit Association Test is based on the assumption that: All of these The speed with which people match group representatives to a given attribute is indication of how closely the attribute and the group are connected in people's minds. People may not be aware of biases they have for others. None of these Unconscious bias can be measured.arrow_forward
- Allegiant Airlines is considering an overbooking policy for one of its flights. The airplane has 50 seats, but Allegiant is considering accepting more reservations than seats because sometimes passengers do not show up for their flights, resulting in empty seats. The PassengerAppearance worksheet in the file Overbooking contains data on 1,000 passengers showing whether or not they showed up for their respective flights. In addition, Allegiant has conducted a field experiment to gauge the demand for reservations for the current flight. During this experiment, they did not limit the number of reservations for the flight to observe the uncensored demand. The following table summarizes the result of the field experiment. No. of Reservations Demanded Probability 48 0.05 49 0.05 50 0.15 51 0.30 52 0.25 53 0.10 54 0.10 Suppose Allegiant receives a marginal profit of $108 for each passenger who books a reservation (regardless of whether they show up). In addition, suppose…arrow_forwardDo waiters or waitresses earn larger tips To answer this Do waiters or waitresses earn larger tips? To answer this question, a restaurant consultant undertook a preliminary study. The study involved measuring the percentage of the total bill left as a tip for one randomly selected waiter and one randomly selected waitress in each of 50 restaurants during a 1-week period. What conclusions can be drawn from these data? Do waiters or waitresses earn larger tips To answer thisarrow_forwardManagement of Ben Services identified two groups of individuals that would be interested in the vacation package consisting of room and board and/or entertainment. The maximum amount that group 1 is willing to pay for room and board is GHC 2500 and for entertainment is GHC 500. For group 2, the maximum amount they are willing to pay for room and board is GHC 1800 and for entertainment is GHC 750. Although Ben is not able to identify members of either group, it does know that each group values the components of the package differently. Assuming there are an equal number of members in each group and that the total membership in each group is a single individual. If the marginal cost of providing the service (room and board and/or entertainment) to each group is GHC 1000.i. How much will the hotel charge members of each group for the vacation package if it could identify the members in each group? ii. How much will the profit for Ben Services be? iii. Since Ben Services is not able to…arrow_forward