1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 2 Describing Motion: Kinematics In One Dimension 3 Kinematics In Two Or Three Dimensions; Vectors 4 Dynamics: Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Using Newton's Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces 6 Gravitation And Newton's Synthesis 7 Work And Energy 8 Conservation Of Energy 9 Linear Momentum 10 Rotationalmotion 11 Angular Momentum; General Rotation 12 Static Equilibrium; Elasticity And Fracture 13 Fluids 14 Oscillations 15 Wave Motion 16 Sound 17 Temperature, Thermal Expansion And The Ideal Gas Law 18 Kinetic Theory Of Gases 19 Heat And The First Law Of Thermodynamics 20 Second Law Of Thermodynamics 21 Electric Charge And Electric Field 22 Gauss's Law 23 Electric Potential 24 Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage 25 Electric Currents And Resistance 26 Dc Circuits 27 Magnetism 28 Sources Of Magnetic Field 29 Electromagnetic Induction And Faraday's Law 30 Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, And Ac Circuits 31 Maxwell's Equation And Electromagnetic Waves 32 Light: Reflection And Refraction 33 Lenses And Optical Instruments 34 The Wave Nature Of Light: Interference 35 Diffraction And Polarization 36 Special Theory Of Relativity 37 Early Quantum Theory And Models Of The Atom 38 Quantum Mechanics 39 Quantum Mechanics Of Atoms 40 Molecules And Solids 41 Nuclear Physics And Radioactivity 42 Nuclear Energy; Effects And Uses Of Radiation 43 Elementary Particles 44 Astrophysics And Cosmology expand_more
8.1 Conservative And Nonconservative Forces 8.2 Potential Energy 8.3 Mechanical Energy And Its Conservation 8.4 Problem Solving Using Conservation Of Mechanical Energy 8.5 The Law Of Conservation Of Energy 8.6 Energy Conservation With Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems 8.7 Gravitational Potential Energy And Escape Velocity 8.8 Power 8.9 Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable And Unstable Equilibrium Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1Q: List some everyday forces that are not conservative, andexplain why they arent. Problem 2Q: You lift a heavy book from a table to a high shelf. List the forces on the book during this process,... Problem 3Q: The net force acting on a particle is conservative andincreases the kinetic energy by 300 J. What is... Problem 4Q: When a superball is dropped, can it rebound to a greaterheight than its original height? Problem 5Q: A hill has a height h. A child on a sled (total mass m) slides down starting from rest at the top.... Problem 6Q: Why is it tiring to push hard against a solid wall even though no work is done? Problem 7Q: Analyze the motion of a simple swinging pendulum in terms of energy, (a) ignoring friction, and (b)... Problem 9Q: In Mg. 825, water balloons are tossed from the roof of building, all with the same speed hut with... Problem 10Q: A coil spring of mass m rests upright on a table. If you compress the spring by pressing down with... Problem 11Q: What happens to the gravitational potential energy when water at the top of a waterfall falls to the... Problem 12Q: Experienced hikers prefer to step over a fallen log in their path rather than stepping on top and... Problem 13Q: (a) Where does the kinetic energy come from when a car accelerates uniformly starting from rest? (b)... Problem 14Q: The Earth is closest to the Sun in winter (Northern Hemisphere). When is the gravitational potential... Problem 15Q: Can the total mechanical energy E=K+Uever be negative? Explain. Problem 16Q: Suppose that you wish to launch a rocket from the surface of the Earth so that it escapes the Earths... Problem 17Q: Recall from Chapter 4, Example 414, that you can use a pulley and ropes to decrease the force needed... Problem 18Q: Two identical arrows, one with twice the speed of the other, are fired into a bale of hay. Assuming... Problem 19Q: A bowling ball is hung from the ceiling by a steel wire (Fig. 827). The instructor pulls the ball... Problem 20Q: A pendulum is launched from a point that is a height h above its lowest point in two different ways... Problem 21Q: Describe the energy transformations when a child hops around on a pogo stick. Problem 22Q: Describe the energy transformations that take place when a skier starts skiing down a hill, but... Problem 23Q: Suppose you lift a suitcase from the floor to a table. The work you do on the suitcase depends on... Problem 24Q: Repeat Question 23 for the power needed instead of the work. Problem 25Q: Why is it easier to climb a mountain via a zigzag trail rather than to climb straight up? Problem 26Q: Figure 829 shows a potential energy curve, U(x). (a) At which point does the force have greatest... Problem 27Q: (a) Describe in detail the velocity changes of a particle that has energy E3 in Fig. 823 as it moves... Problem 28Q: Name the type of equilibrium for each position of the balls in Fig. 830. FIGURE 830 Question 28. Problem 1P: (I) A spring has a spring constant k of 82.0 N/m. How muchmust this spring be compressed to store... Problem 2P: (I) A 6.0-kg monkey swings from one branch to another 1.3 mhigher. What is the change in... Problem 3P: (II) A spring with k = 63 N/m hangs vertically next to aruler. The end of the spring is next to the... Problem 4P: (II) A 56.5-kg hiker starts at an elevation of 1270 m and climbs to the top of a 2660-m peak. (a)... Problem 5P: (II) A 1.60-m tall person lifts a 1.95-kg book off the ground so it is 2.20 m above the ground. What... Problem 6P: (II) A 1200-kg car rolling on a horizontal surface has speed v = 75 km/h when it strikes a... Problem 7P: (II) A particular spring obeys the force law F = (kx+ax3+bx4). (a) Is this force conservative?... Problem 8P: (II) If U=3x2+2xy+4y2z, what is the force, F? Problem 9P: (II) A particle is constrained to move in one dimension along the x axis and is acted upon by a... Problem 10P: (II) A particle constrained to move in one dimension is subject to a force F(x) that varies with... Problem 11P: (I) A novice skier, starting from rest, slides down a friction less 13.0 incline whose vertical... Problem 12P: (I) Jane, looking for Tarzan, is running at top speed (5.0 m/s) and grabs a vine hanging vertically... Problem 13P: (II) In the high jump, the kinetic energy of an athlete is transformed into gravitational potential... Problem 14P: (II) A sled is initially given a shove up a frictionless 23.0incline. It reaches a maximum vertical... Problem 15P: (II) A 55-kg bungee jumper leaps from a bridge. She is tiedto a bungee cord that is 12 m long when... Problem 16P: (II) A 72-kg trampoline artist jumps vertically upward from the top of a platform with a speed of... Problem 17P: The total energy E of an object of mass m that moves in one dimension under the influence of only... Problem 18P: (II) A 0.40-kg hall is thrown with a speed of 8.5 m/s at an upward angle of 36. (a) What is its... Problem 19P: (II) A vertical spring (ignore its mass), whose spring constant is 875 N/m, is attached to a table... Problem 20P: (II) A roller-coaster car shown in Fig. 832 is pulled up to point 1 where it is released from rest.... Problem 21P: (II) When a mass m sits at rest on a spring, the spring is compressed by a distance d from its... Problem 22P: (II) Two masses are connected by a string as shown in Fig. 834. Mass mA = 4.0 kg rests on a... Problem 23P: (II) A block of mass m is attached to the end of a spring (spring stiffness constant k), Fig. 835.... Problem 24P: (II) A cyclist intends to cycle up a 9.50 hill whose vertical height is 125 m. The pedals turn in a... Problem 25P: (II) A pendulum 2.00 m long is released (from rest) at an angle 0 = 30.0 (Fig. 814). Determine the... Problem 26P: (II) What should be the spring constant k of a spring designed to bring a 1200-kg car to rest from a... Problem 27P: (III) An engineer is designing a spring to be placed at the bottom of an elevator shaft. If the... Problem 28P: (III) A skier of mass m starts from rest at the top of a solid sphere of radius r and slides down... Problem 29P: (I) Two railroad cars, each of mass 56,000 kg, are traveling 95 km/h toward each other. They collide... Problem 30P: (I) A 16.0-kg child descends a slide 2.20 m high and reaches the bottom with a speed of 1.25 m/s.... Problem 31P: (II) A ski starts from rest and slides down a 28 incline 85 m long. (a) II the coefficient of... Problem 32P: (II) A 145-g baseball is dropped from a tree 14.0 m above the ground. (a) With what speed would it... Problem 33P: (II) A 96-kg crate, starling from rest, is pulled across a floor with a constant horizontal force of... Problem 34P: (II) Suppose the roller-coaster ear in Fig. 832 passes point 1 with a speed of 1.70 m/s. If the... Problem 35P: (II) A skier traveling 9.0 m/s reaches the fool of a steady upward 19 incline and glides 12 m up... Problem 36P: (II) Consider the track shown in Fig. 837. The section AB is one quadrant of a circle of radius 2.0... Problem 37P: (II) A 0.620-kg wood block is firmly attached to a very light horizontal spring (k = 180 N/m) as... Problem 38P: (II) A 180-g wood block is firmly attached to a very light horizontal spring, Fig. 835. The block... Problem 39P: (II) You drop a ball from a height of 2.0 m, and it bounces back to a height of 1.5 m. (a) What... Problem 40P: (II) A 56-kg skier starts from rest at the top of a 1200-m-long trail which drops a total of 230 m... Problem 41P: (II) How much does your gravitational energy change whenyou jump as high as you can (say, 1.0 m)? Problem 42P: (III) A spring (k = 75 N/m) has an equilibrium length of1.00 m. The spring is compressed to a length... Problem 43P: (III) A 2.0-kg block slides along a horizontal surface with a coefficient of kinetic friction k =... Problem 44P: (III) Early lest flights for the space shuttle used a glider (mass of 980 kg including pilot). After... Problem 45P: (I) For a satellite of mass mS in a circular orbit of radius rS around the Earth, determine (a) its... Problem 46P: (I) Jill and her friends have built a small rocket that soon after lift-off reaches a speed of 850... Problem 47P Problem 48P: (II) Show that Eq. 816 for gravitational potential energy reduces to Eq. 82. U = mg(y2 y1), for... Problem 49P: (II) Determine the escape velocity from the Sun for an object (a) at the Suns surface (r = 7.0 105... Problem 50P: (II) Two Earth satellites, A and B, each of mass m = 950 kg, are launched into circular orbits... Problem 51P: (II) Show that the escape velocity for any satellite in a circular orbit is 2times its velocity. Problem 52P: (II) (a) Show that the total mechanical energy of a satellite (mass m) orbiting at a distance r from... Problem 53P: (II) Take into account the Earths rotational speed (1 rev/day) and determine the necessary speed,... Problem 54P: (II) (a) Determine a formula for the maximum height h that a rocket will reach if launched... Problem 55P Problem 56P: (II) A meteorite has a speed of 90.0 m/s when 850 km above the Earth. It is falling vertically... Problem 57P: (II) How much work would be required to move a satellite of mass m from a circular orbit of radius... Problem 58P: (II) (a) Suppose we have three masses, m1, m2, and m3, that initially are infinitely far apart from... Problem 59P: (II) A NASA satellite has just observed an asteroid that is on a collision course with the Earth.... Problem 60P: (II) A sphere of radius r1 has a concentric spherical cavity of radius r2(Fig. 840). Assume this... Problem 61P Problem 62P Problem 63P: (I) If a car generates 18 hp when traveling at a steady 95 km/h, what must be the average force... Problem 64P: (I) An 85-kg football player traveling 5.0 m/s is stopped in 1.0 s by a tackier. (a) What is the... Problem 65P: (II) A driver notices that her 1080-kg car slows down from 95 km/h to 65 km/h in about 7.0 s on the... Problem 66P: (II) How much work can a 3.0-hp motor do in 1.0 h? Problem 67P: (II) An outboard motor for a boat is rated at 55 hp. If it can move a particular boat at a steady... Problem 68P: (II) A 1400-kg sports car accelerates from rest to 95 km/h in7.4 s. What is the average power... Problem 69P: (II) During a workout, football players ran up the stadiumstairs in 75 s. The stairs are 78m long... Problem 70P: (II) A pump lifts 21.0 kg of water per minute through a height of 3.50 m. What minimum output rating... Problem 71P: (II) A ski area claims that its lifts can move 47,000 people per hour. If the average lift carries... Problem 72P: (II) A 75-kg skier grips a moving rope that is powered by an engine and is pulled at constant speed... Problem 73P: (III) The position of a 280-g object is given (in meters) by x = 5.0t3 8.0t2 44t, where t is in... Problem 74P: (III) A bicyclist coasts clown a 6.0 hill at a steady speed of 4.0 m/s. Assuming a total mass of 75... Problem 75P: Draw a potential energy diagram, U vs. x, and analyze the notion of a mass m resting on an... Problem 76P: (II) The spring of Problem 75 has a stiffness constant k = 160 N/m. The mass m = 5.0 kg is released... Problem 77P: (III) The potential energy of the two atoms in a diatomic (two-atom) molecule can be written... Problem 78P: (III) The binding energy of a two-particle system is defined as the energy required to separate the... Problem 79GP: What is the average power output of an elevator that lifts 885 kg a vertical height of 32.0 m in... Problem 80GP: A projectile is fired at an upward angle of 48.0 from the top of a 135-m-high cliff with a speed of... Problem 81GP: Water flows over a clam at the rate of 580kg/s and falls vertically 88 m before striking the turbine... Problem 82GP: A bicyclist of mass 75 kg (including the bicycle) can coast down a 4.0 hill at a steady speed of 12... Problem 83GP: A 62-kg skier starts from rest at the top of a ski jump, point A in Fig. 841, and travels down the... Problem 84GP: Repeat Problem 83, but now assume the ski jump turns upward at point and gives her a vertical... Problem 85GP: A ball is attached to a horizontal cord of length whose other end is fixed, Fig. 842. (a) If the... Problem 86GP: Show the h must be greater than 0.60 if the ball in Fig. 842 is to make a complete circle about the... Problem 87GP: Show that on a roller coaster with a circular vertical loop (Fig. 843), the difference in your... Problem 88GP: If you stand on a bathroom scale, the spring inside the scale compresses 0.50 mm, and it tells you... Problem 89GP: A 65-kg hiker climbs to the top of a 4200-m-high mountain. The climb is made in 5.0 h starting at an... Problem 90GP: The small mass m sliding without friction along the looped track shown in Fig. 844 is to remain on... Problem 91GP: A 56-kg student runs at 5.0 m/s, grabs a hanging rope, and swings out over a lake (Fig. 845). He... Problem 92GP: The nuclear force between two neutrons in a nucleus is described roughly by the Yukawa potential... Problem 93GP: A fire hose for use in urban areas must be able to shoot a stream of water to a maximum height of 33... Problem 94GP: A 16-kg sled starts up a 28 incline with a speed of 2.4 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction is... Problem 95GP: The Lunar Module could make a safe landing if its vertical velocity at impact is 3.0 m/s or less.... Problem 96GP: Proper design of automobile braking systems must account for heat buildup under heavy braking.... Problem 97GP: Some electric power companies use water to store energy. Water is pumped by reversible turbine pumps... Problem 98GP: Estimate the energy required from fuel to launch a 1465-kg satellite into orbit 1375 km above the... Problem 99GP Problem 100GP: Suppose the gravitational potential energy of an object of mass m at a distance r from the center of... Problem 101GP: (a) If the human body could convert a candy bar directly into work, how high could a 76-kg man climb... Problem 102GP: Electric energy units are often expressed in the form of kilo-watt-hours. (a) Show that one... Problem 103GP: Chris jumps off a bridge with a bungee cord (a heavy stretchable cord) tied around his ankle. Fig.... Problem 104GP: In a common test for cardiac function (the stress test), the patient walks on an inclined treadmill... Problem 105GP: (a) If a volcano spews a 450-kg rock vertically upward a distance of 320 m, what was its velocity... Problem 106GP: A film of Jesse Owenss famous long jump (Fig. 849) in the 1936 Olympics shows that his center of... Problem 107GP: An elevator cable breaks when a 920-kg elevator is 24 m above a huge spring (k = 2.2 105 N/m) at... Problem 108GP: A particle moves where its potential energy is given by U(r) = U0[(2/r2) = (1/r)]. (a) Plot U(r)... Problem 109GP: A particle of mass m moves under the influence of a potential energy U(x)=ax+bx where a and b are... Problem 110GP format_list_bulleted