Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The final temperature of the air stream is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
Specific heat capacity
The equation for energy balance is:
Here,
The mole fraction of a species
Here,
An ideal gas is the gas which obeys ideal gas laws which is a simplified equation of states.
A real gas behaves as an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressure. At STP, a mole of an ideal gas has a volume of
Specific heat capacity
Specific enthalpy
Here,
(b)
Interpretation:
The rate at which heat is transferred from hot air stream is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
For an adiabatic system, the heat lost by one component in the system is the heat gained by another component in that system. Thus,
(c)
Interpretation:
The operation of the spray cooler is to be explained such that a high school senior student can understand.
Concept introduction:
When there is a difference in the temperature of two bodies, then upon the contact of the two system, transfer of heat takes place from higher temperature body to lower temperature body.
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EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Four kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2) is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly with a constant pressure of 2 bar and initial volume of 1m³. Energy is transferred by heat to the CO2 at a rate of 15 W for 2.5 hours. During this process, the specific internal energy increases by 10 kJ/kg. If no change in kinetic and potential energy occur. determine: (a) The heat transfer, in kJ. (b) The final volume, in m³.arrow_forwardQ1) A constant volume tank contain 1 mole ofC7H14and 12 mole of O2 gas at a temperature of 25 °C and 1 bar. The contents of the tank is ignited and C7H14 is burned completely and final products temperature is found to be 1700 K. Determine the heat transfer during this process. ( take daltaHo = -47800 kJ/kg).arrow_forwardTo produce superheated steam at 300 oC and 1 bar in the output stream (stream 3), saturated steam at 1 bar discharged from a turbine at a rate of 1150 kg/hr to stream 1 is mixed with superheated steam available from another stream (stream 2) at 400 oC and 1 bar. The mixing unit operates adiabatically. Calculate the amount of superheated steam at 300 oC produced in kg/hr and the required volumetric flow rate of the 400 oC steam in m3/hr. the value of H1 is 2,675 kj/mol. find the value of h2 and h3. Calculate the amount of produced superheated steam at 300 oC in kg/hr. Calculate the required volumetric flow rate of the 400 oC steam in m3/hr.arrow_forward
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- P2arrow_forwardA mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 368. kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does 150. kJ of work on the piston during the reaction. O exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O endothermic O up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or O down down? O neither UI O Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? O release O neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer has the correct number of…arrow_forwardTwo ideal gases, one monoatomic and the other diatomic are mixed with one another and form an ideal gas again. The equation of the adiabatic process of the mixture is 11 PVY= = constant; where What is the ratio of the number of molecules of the monoatomic gas to that of the diatomic gas in the mixture?arrow_forward
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- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,