Chapter 8, Problem 1P

8-13 Define (a) an Arrhenius acid and (b) an Arrhenius base.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Arhenius acid to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical substance which looses or releases proton or H+ ion is termed to be acid while A chemical substance which looses or releases hydroxyl or OH- ion is termed to be base

Answer to Problem 1P

Substance that gives hydrogen ion/s in aqueous solution.

Explanation of Solution

According to Arrhenius theory, acid in water dissociates to form hydrogen ion ${\text{H}}^{+}$ and conjugate base. The hydrogen ion further combines with water molecule to form hydronium ion. The reaction is shown as follows:

  $\text{HA}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\to {\text{A}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}$

Here, HA is an Arrhenius acid.

Thus, acid increases the concentration of hydrogen ion/s in the solution.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Arhenius base to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical substance which looses or releases proton or H+ ion is termed to be acid while a chemical substance which looses or releases hydroxyl or OH- ion is termed to be base

Answer to Problem 1P

Substance that gives hydroxide ion/s in aqueous solution.

Explanation of Solution

According to Arrhenius theory, base in water dissociates to form hydroxyl ion ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ and conjugate acid.

  $\text{BOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{B}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Here, BOH is base.

Thus, base increases the concentration of hydroxide ion/s in the solution.