The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area 1 km 2 and directed a red laser beam with λ 650 n m has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: Louis de Broglie in 1923 rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances. λ = h m υ p = m υ Hence λ = h p h is Planck’s constant( 6 .63 × 10 -34 J .s ) which relates energy and frequency. υ is the speed of particle. m is the mass of particle. λ is the wavelength. p is the momentum. The above equation is called de Broglie relation. The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The force exerted by the sail for the spacecraft designed to work by photon pressure which sail was completely absorbing fabric of given area $1 km2$ and directed a red laser beam with $λ 650 nm$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The force is determined by multiplying the photon momentum with Avogadro’s number. First the momentum is calculated as follows,

$pphoton = hλ= 6.626×10−34 J.s650×10−9 m = 1.02×10−27 kg m s−1 [here,h=Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J.s)J= kg m2 s−2]$

$F = (NA s−1)×pphoton= (6.022×1023 s−1)(1.02×10−27 kg m s−1)= 6.14×10−4 N$

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exerted pressure by given radiation on the sail for the designed spacecraft has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

The pressure exerted is as follows,

$P = FA= 6.14×10−4 N1×106 m2 = 6.14×10−10 N/m2$

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

Answer 19

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The time taken by the craft of mass $1 kg$ to accelerate speed of $1 ms-1$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Louis de Broglie in $1923$ rationalized that when light shows particle aspects, then particles of matter display properties of waves under definite circumstances.

$λ = hm υp = m υHence λ = hp$

h is Planck’s constant( $6.63 × 10-34 J.s$ ) which relates energy and frequency.

$υ$ is the speed of particle.

m is the mass of particle.

$λ$ is the wavelength.

p is the momentum.

The above equation is called de Broglie relation.

The force exerted is identified by multiplying photon momentum with Avogadro’s number.

Force per unit area is called pressure.

According to Newton’s second law the force is equal to $ma$ .

$F = m a= m vtt=mvFhere, F = forcem = massa = accelerationt = time takenv = velocity$

Answer 20

(c)

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Explanation of Solution

Given:

Fabric area $⇒A = 1 km2$

Wavelength $⇒λ = 650 nm$

Speed $⇒ = 1 ms−1$

Hence, velocity is equal to $1 ms−1$

The time taken is as follows,

$t=mvF=1 kg × 1 ms−16.14×10−4 N= 1628.7 s= 1.6287×103 s= 0.45 h$

Answer 21

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 22

(c)

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Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Ch. 7 - Prob. 7A.1ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7A.2ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7A.3ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7B.2ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7C.1ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7C.2ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7C.3ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7D.2ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7E.1ST Ch. 7 - Prob. 7A.1E

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