Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 3RQ
Explain why genetic mutations in asexual organisms lead to much more rapid evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexual forms. Why might harmful mutations be more deleterious to asexual organisms compared with sexual organisms’?
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Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from one another and from their parents. Describe four mechanisms that produce this genetic variation. Do any of these mechanisms occur in asexualreproduction?
In C. elegans there are two sexes: hermaphrodite and male. Sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to haploid sets of autosomes (X/A). An X/A ratio of 1.0 produces a hermaphrodite (XX), and an X/A ratio of 0.5 results in a male (XO). In the 1970s, Jonathan Hodgkin and Sydney Brenner carried out genetic screens to identify mutations in three genes that result in either XX males (tra-1, tra-2) or XO hermaphrodites (her-1). Double-mutant strains were constructed to assess for epistatic interactions between the genes (see table). Propose a genetic model of how the her and tra genes control sex determination.
Why is parthenogenesis in bees considered to be a form of asexual reproduction?
Select one:
a. The male drone is made from a haploid egg. Fertilization is not part of the process to make a male drone.
b. The formation of the original haploid cell was achieved using binary fission.
c. Although genetic material is transferred from one cell to another using conjugation, the resulting cells will be identical to each other.
d. The haploid male bees were made through the process of meiosis, so they are identical to the parent egg cell.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 7 - Define asexual reproduction, and describe four...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2RQCh. 7 - Explain why genetic mutations in asexual organisms...Ch. 7 - Define the two reproductive strategies of...Ch. 7 - Define the terms dioecious and monoecious. Can...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6RQCh. 7 - What is a germ-cell line? How do germ cells pass...Ch. 7 - Explain how a spermatogonium, containing a diploid...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RQCh. 7 - Name the general location and give the function of...
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11RQCh. 7 - What are the male sex hormones and what are their...Ch. 7 - Explain how the female hormones GnRH, FSH, LH, and...Ch. 7 - Explain the function of the corpus luteum in the...Ch. 7 - Describe the role of pregnancy hormones during...Ch. 7 - If identical human twins develop from separate...Ch. 7 - Fish and amphibians tend to have less complex...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Clownfish are protandrous hermaphrodites. Determine whether the following features are encoded by the clownfish genome or are influenced by the proteome in response to the environment. The juvenile clownfish has both male and female immature reproductive organs. Clownfish are able to produce both testosterone and 17-estradiol. Genome encoded Increased estradiol levels lead to increased levels of proteins that promote the growth of female sex organs. Increased testosterone levels lead to increased - levels of proteins that cause male sex organs to develop Proteome influencedarrow_forwardWhich of the following would not be considered a component of sexual reproduction? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer a Production of eges and sperm in separate sexes in an animal species b. Gradual acquisition of multiple mutations in a purely mitotically dividing eukaryotic single celled organism Occasional production of diploids through fusions of cells of opposite mating types in a yeast that largely reproduces through clonal mitotic divisions "Alteration of generations" between haploid and diploid organisms in a fernarrow_forwardMost sexual organisms are either male or female though some are hermaphroditic. In human beings and Drosophila (fruitfly), the sex of an individual is determined by the kind of sex chromosomes they possess. Males have two types of chromosomes, a big chromosome X and a small chromosome Y while females have only one kind, 2X or XX. The X and Y chromosomes segregate during the formation of mature spermatozoa (sprematogenesis) so that a mature sperm contains only either X or Y. What is the probability of getting an X-bearing sperm? A Y-bearing sperm? How many kinds of ova as to the kind of sex chromosome present can be produced? Determine the probability of getting a boy or girl. Show your calculations.arrow_forward
- Most sexual organisms are either male or female though some are hermaphroditic. In human beings and Drosophila (fruitfly), the sex of an individual is determined by the kind of sex chromosomes they possess. Males have two types of chromosomes, a big chromosome X and a small chromosome Y while females have only one kind, 2X or XX. The X and Y chromosomes segregate during the formation of mature spermatozoa (sprematogenesis) so that a mature sperm contains only either X or Y. What is the probability of getting an X-bearing sperm? A Y-bearing sperm? How many kinds of ova as to the kind of sex chromosome present can be produce? Determine the probability of getting a boy or girl. Show your calculations.arrow_forwardWhat is the proposed evolutionary benefit of sexual reproduction?arrow_forwardOne reason that worker bees forgo their own reproduction to help their sister (the queen) reproduce is that female bees are more closely related to their sisters than they are to their own offspring. This quirk of genetics results from the fact that bees have haplodiploid sex determination, in which females are diploid, with a mother and a father, but males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs. Because males are haploid, they produce sperm by mitosis. Explainwhy haplodiploid sex determination causes females to be more closely related to their sisters than to their offspring.arrow_forward
- Why do we still see organisms reproduce asexually? In what situations and organisms would we expect to see asexual reproduction occur?arrow_forwardOne of the advantages of sexual reproduction is that it promotes genetic diversity in the offspring. This is because gametes are produced by meiosis, which introduces genetic variation into the resulting gametes. How does meiosis accomplish this? Describe one way (there are several choices) in which meiosis produces new combinations of genes in gametes.arrow_forwardIn honey bees, males are developed parthenogenetically while workers are developed after sexual reproduction. The workers exhibit more similarity among themselves as compared to the queen. If the workers start giving organism parthenogenetically then the offspring would most likely resemble:arrow_forward
- Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction. What is an advantage of asexual reproduction when compared to sexual reproduction? a Asexual organisms are less likely to have mutations in their DNA than sexual organisms are. b An organism that reproduces asexually can reproduce much more quickly than an organism that reproduces sexually. c An asexual organism lives longer than an organism that reproduces sexually. d An organism that reproduces asexually is better equipped to respond to environmental changes than an organism that reproduces sexually.arrow_forwardA paradox of sexual reproduction is that despite its being widespread in nature, the question of why it exists at all is still unresolved. What are some disadvantages of sex? What are some consequences of sex that make it so important?arrow_forwardMost species reproduce sexually. Some species are entirely asexual, while others can reproduce in both modalities. a) Why is asexual reproduction so rare? b) What can we learn about the factors that maintain sexual reproduction from studying species that can reproduce both sexually and asexually?arrow_forward
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