Pearson eText Life in the Universe -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780135234457
Author: Jeffrey Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 31TYU
The reason Venus is so much hotter than Earth is that (a) it has many more volcanoes; (b) its closer distance to the Sun makes sunlight dozens of times stronger; (c) its thick, carbon dioxide atmosphere creates a far stronger greenhouse effect.
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Why did Venus suffer from the runaway greenhouse effect but Earth has avoided it so far?
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its lack of magnetism
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Pearson eText Life in the Universe -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 7 - Why do we expect the elements of life to be widely...Ch. 7 - How does the strength of sunlight vary with...Ch. 7 - Under what conditions does it seem reasonable to...Ch. 7 - Why is a liquid medium important for life? Why...Ch. 7 - Summarize the three major environmental...Ch. 7 - Why do the Moon and Mercury seem unlikely to be...Ch. 7 - Why is Venus so much hotter than Earth? How does...Ch. 7 - Why does Mars seem such a good candidate for life?Ch. 7 - Briefly discuss the possibility of life on Jupiter...Ch. 7 - With regard to habitability, how do the cases of...
Ch. 7 - What characteristics make some of the large moons...Ch. 7 - Briefly describe the prospects for habitability of...Ch. 7 - Describe and distinguish between space missions...Ch. 7 - For a few of the most important past, present, or...Ch. 7 - On the smallest moon of Uranus, my team discovered...Ch. 7 - New spacecraft images show lakes of liquid water...Ch. 7 - We are pumping water for our new Moon colony from...Ch. 7 - I was part of the first group of people to land on...Ch. 7 - We sent a robotic airplane into the atmosphere of...Ch. 7 - On a moon of Neptune, we discovered photosynthetic...Ch. 7 - We deposited bacteria (from Earth) that get energy...Ch. 7 - The drilled sample showed no signs of life on...Ch. 7 - We cut holes in the frozen surface of a methane...Ch. 7 - The drilled sample from Mars brought up rock that...Ch. 7 - Oxygen and carbon are (a) rarer than almost all...Ch. 7 - On an asteroid that is twice as far as Earth from...Ch. 7 - Compared to liquid water, liquid methane is (a)...Ch. 7 - Frozen lakes often have liquid water beneath their...Ch. 7 - Temperatures on Mercury are (a) always very hot;...Ch. 7 - On Venus, liquid water (a) does not exist...Ch. 7 - The reason Venus is so much hotter than Earth is...Ch. 7 - Life is probably not possible in Jupiters...Ch. 7 - Which of the following are you most likely to find...Ch. 7 - The Cassini spacecraft (a) flew past Pluto; (b)...Ch. 7 - Bizarre Forms of Life. Discuss some forms of life...Ch. 7 - Making a Living. Consider various methods by which...Ch. 7 - Solar System Tour. Based on the brief tour in this...Ch. 7 - Galileo Spacecraft. In 2003, scientists...Ch. 7 - Greenhouse Effect. The text (in Chapter 4) makes...Ch. 7 - Prob. 41IFCh. 7 - Understanding Newtons Version of Keplers Third Law...Ch. 7 - Understanding Newtons Version of Keplers Third Law...Ch. 7 - Earth Mass. The Moon orbits Earth in an average...Ch. 7 - Jupiter Mass. Jupiters moon Io orbits Jupiter...Ch. 7 - Pluto/Charon Mass. Plutos moon Charon orbits Pluto...Ch. 7 - Mission to Pluto. The New Horizons spacecraft took...Ch. 7 - Planetary Missions. Visit the web page for one of...
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- Compare the current atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars in terms of composition, thickness (and pressure at the surface), and the greenhouse effect.arrow_forwardHow might Venus’ atmosphere have evolved to its present state through a runaway greenhouse effect?arrow_forwardWhy do small planets cool faster than large planets? Choose any two of the five Terrestrial worlds and calculate for each one the ratio of its surface area to its volume. Why is this ratio important? (Hint: Does this ratio have anything to do with the ability of a planet to lose internal heat?) (Note: The surface area of a sphere is 4r2, and the volume of a sphere is 43r3.)arrow_forward
- What does a planet need in order to retain an atmosphere? How does an atmosphere affect the surface of a planet and the ability of life to exist?arrow_forwardWhat evidence is there that Venus was volcanically active about 300600 million years ago?arrow_forwardWhich of the following properties of Mars would be altered by the process of terraforming? its size its atmospheric chemistry its distance from the Sun its geological activity its magnetic field Even if we were to terraform Mars to give it an Earthlike climate, that climate would not be as stable as Earth's, due to Mars's lack of a large moon volcanic activity an iron core atmospheric nitrogenarrow_forward
- If we moved Venus out to 1 AU from the Sun (same as Earth), Venus would probably a. become more like Earth, with oceans and a temperate climate b. remain hot, dry, and dead because it's permanently lost its oceans c. become more like Mars, losing most of its atmosphere and freezing d. become much less geologically active due to decreased solar heatingarrow_forwardEarth's atmosphere contains just a small amount of carbon dioxide at the present time, because Earth's volcanoes did not outgas as much carbon dioxide as those on Mars and Venus Chemical reactions with other gases destroyed the carbon dioxide and replaced it with Nitrogen Carbon dioxide dissolves in water, and now most of it is contained in oceans and carbonate rocks Most of the carbon dioxide was lost during the 'heavy bombardment' phasearrow_forwardDespite being within the sun’s “habitable zone”, both Venus and Mars have average surface temperatures that do not permit the existence of liquid water. Besides albedo, name three other important properties of a planet that can influence its temperature.arrow_forward
- Since Mars has an atmosphere and it is composed mostly of a greenhouse gas, why isn't there a significant greenhouse effect to warm its surface?arrow_forwardCO2 and planetary warming: understanding Earth’s complicated atmosphere Mars has an atmospheric pressure of 6 mbar (compared with Earth atmosphere pressure of 1013 mbar), 96% of which is CO2. The average calculated temperature of Mars is -57°C, whereas the actual average temperature is -55°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is only 2°C. On the other hand, the average calculated temperature of Earth, with 0.4 mbar of CO2, is -19°C, whereas the actual average temperature is 15°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is 34°C, much greater than that on Mars, which has higher CO2 concentration. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forwardAssume that Venus has an isothermal atmosphere with a surface temperature of 750 K. The surface pressure of Venus is 90 times the Earth's surface pressure which is about 1013mb. Also assume that the carbon dioxide dominant atmosphere of Venus is photodissociated and oxygen atoms are produced. These oxygen atoms stop the solar wind at the ionopause distance where the atmospheric pressure of Venus and the dynamic pressure of the solar wind are in balance. Accordingly, calculate the lonopause distance of the planet Venus if the solar wind density is 7 #/cm² and solar wind speed is 410 km/sec.arrow_forward
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