Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect of temperature on respiration rate of a plant leaf of sagebrush by constructing its graph.
The following data collected from the leaf of plant sagebrush show that the respiration rate varies with temperature as the leaves are heated and cooled during measurements.
Introduction:
CO
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I'm studing Cellular Respiration. We did a lab. We had technical difficulties... our CO2 gas sensor wasn't working properly. So I am curious, what trends SHOULD I have seen. We compared the CO2 output of bean sprouts vs mealworms. We tested at both room temp (27 degrees C) vs cold temp (15 degrees C) for both the mealworms and bean sprouts. I need to know the trends I should have seen, ie. does an animal or plant produces more C02 and why? Also does the the cool temp make the reduction in CO2 production? Thank you.
Depending on the environment the plant is in, more or less gas may be produced. Suggest a method for measuring the rate of gas production from the aquatic plant in Model 1.
The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the
conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate
of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an
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experiment?
The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance.
Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion.
Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water.
The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere, biologists continue to explore the role of respiration from plants as a small but potentially important contribution beyond fossil fuel combustion. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant from a semiarid ecosystem in Wyoming, enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The respiration rate is the amount of CO2 in micromoles lost by the leaf per square meter per second, which results in the negative numbers. The temperature values are from the leaves as they are heated or cooled during the measurements. Observation Temperature (C) Respiration Rate (mol/m2/s) 1 25 -2.0 2 30 -2.7 3 35 -4.1 4 40 -5.8 5 20 -1.3 6 15 -1.0 7 10 -0.7 Cengage Learning 2017 What describes the relationship between temperature and respiration, a line or a curve? Does the Q10 that you calculated in 2 suggest a line or a curve? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.arrow_forwardCottonwood trees are commonly found along river banks and irrigation ditches. They have broad flat leaves and can transpire 200 gallons of water per day. Many succulent plants live in hot, arid environments and have thick leaves with a wax-like substance covering their leaves. They generally open their stomata for gas exchange at night. Using your understanding of transpiration, find the adaptations that allow these plants to survive in their respective environments.arrow_forwardUnder controlled conditions, a transpiration experiment was conducted using two different plant species, A and B. Each plant species was exposed to a low-humidity environment and a high-humidity environment with all other conditions kept the same. The transpiration rate was measured over a period of one hour. The data was graphed as shown below. A B transpiration rate (pl/cm²min) с 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 A bar graph of the transpiration rates of two plants under different humidity conditions What is the independent variable in the experiment? D 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 low humidity 40% the type of soll each plant was grown in the amount of water lost the humidity the plants are grown in high humidity 80% the amount of water given to each plant Species A Species Barrow_forward
- Under controlled conditions, a transpiration experiment was conducted using two different plant species, A and B. Each plant species was exposed to a low-humidity environment and a high-humidity environment with all other conditions kept the same. The transpiration rate was measured over a period of one hour. The data was graphed as shown below. A B transpiration rate (pl/cm²min) с 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 A bar graph of the transpiration rates of two plants under different humid conditions D 0.04 0.02 low humidity 40% In order to see the effect the change in humidity had on the transpiration rate, what would be a proper con trol to add to the study? high humidity 80% running the same experiment multiple times to collect additional data adding more water to the original plants and running the experiment again grow another set of plants at normal humidity growing more plants at 0% and 100% humidity Species A Species Barrow_forwardFirefly luciferase is the enzyme that allows fireflies to illuminate their abdomens. Because this light generation is an ATP-requiring reaction, firefly luciferase can be used to test for the presence of ATP. In this way, luciferase can test for the presence of life. The coupled reactions are luciferin+O2 ⇌ oxyluciferin+light ATP ⇌ AMP+PPi, ΔGo=−31.6 kJ/mol If the overall ΔGo of the coupled reaction is -8.70 kJ/mol, what is the equilibrium constant, K, of the first reaction at 27oC?arrow_forwardConsider the relationship between temperature and photosynthesis. As temperatures increase,gases such as CO2 diffuse faster. As a result, plant leaves will lose CO2 at a faster rate thannormal. If the amount of light reaching the leaf and the amount of water available are adequate,predict how this loss of gas will affect photosynthesis in the leaf.arrow_forward
- Photosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.arrow_forwardCalculate the gross rate of photosynthesis (mm/hr) for Elodea if when measuring net photosynthesis, the water level moved up 7mm from the initial level in 10 min, and when measuring cellular respiration it took 15 minutes for the water level to move down 1 mm. 48 mm/hr 42 mm/hr 46 mm/hr 38 mm/hr 50 mm/hr 30 mm/hrarrow_forwardThe following data were collected from the light-dark bottle incubation experiment for photosynthesis and respiration measurements of a 2-m deep column of water body. The incubation experiment was conducted during the 6.5-hour period from dawn to noon. Please calculate the net photosynthesis (NP), gross photosynthesis (GP), and respiration (R) per square meter of this body of water during a 24-hour day period. Show your calculation process. bottle Dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) initial bottle 4.02 light bottle 6.75 dark bottle 2.98arrow_forward
- A stoma (plural: stomata) is a tiny pore found on the underside of a leaf. When open, carbon dioxide can diffuse from the atmosphere, where it is present at approximately Catm= 0.70 mg/L, between the L = 5 μm thick guard cells, into the relatively well mixed air cavity within each stoma, and from the cavity into cells that consume it during photosynthesis. What is the mass flux of carbon dioxide into an open stoma that has a cross-sectional area of A = 2 μm2, a diffusion coefficient of D = 0.16 cm2/s, and a steady air cavity concentration of Cs = 0.04 mg/L?arrow_forwardSuppose you are conducting an experiment, in which you selectively lower the CO2 and O2 concentrations in the two experimental groups. The control group reflects conditions of the current atmosphere. You grow C3, C4 and CAM plants under these conditions and all other variables (soil, water, etc.) are identical in all groups. Plants are regularly watered and grown at cool temperatures. The table gives an overview of the treatment & control groups and the types of plants grown. You don't yet have results on plant growth (data cells are intentionally empty). Plants Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Control CO2 = 0.01%, O2 = 21% CO2 = 0.04%, O2= 30% CO2 = 0.04%, O2= 21% CAM C3 С4 In treatment 1, you expect plants to have the highest rates of photosynthesis and in treatment 2, you expect plants to perform best. Select one: а. САМ;B Сз b. САМ; САМ с. Сд;B Сд d. C3; САМ е. Сд; Сз f. C3; C3arrow_forwardRemoval of the source of CO2 from photosynthesizing chloroplasts results in rapid changes in the concentration of certain chemicals. Which one of the following represents the correct combination of concentration changes?.arrow_forward
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