What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 6, Problem 8SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
How E. coli is able to survive in an environment with lactose and no glucose.
Introduction:
Although E. coli uses glucose as its primary source of energy, it has alternate pathways by which it can metabolize lactose.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- In E. coli, a protein called Lac permease (encoded by lacY) imports lactose into cells so that a protein called beta-galactosidase (encoded by lacZ) can digest it into galactose and glucose. What are some similarities and differences between how you and E. coli import and metabolize lactose?arrow_forwardWhat if the cell found itself in an environment that contained ampleamounts of both lactose and glucose?arrow_forwardChlamydia are pathogenic bacteria that must be grown within a eukaryotic host cell. They rely on the host cell for many nutrients, including nucleotides, lipids, and amino acids. It is thus no surprise that when grown in co-culture with a host depleted of any of these metabolites, chlamydial growth declines. However, high levels of certain amino acids also inhibit chlamydial growth. Specifically, the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and phenylalanine slow down the growth by inhibiting the amino acid transporter called BrnQ. On the other hand, if valine is present in the medium these amino acids have no effect on BrnQ. Discuss how this might be possiblearrow_forward
- describe the molecular switches involved in microbial acute/prolonged starvation response. give one research article linkarrow_forwardIf five E. coli cells are placed into sterile nutrient media under optimal conditions (with a growth rate of 20 minutes per cell division), how many E. coli cells will be present after 6 hours of optimal growth? 5 x 26 = 320 cells 5 x 29 = 2,560 cells 5 x 212 = 20,480 cells 5 x 215 = 163,840 cells 5 x 218 = 1,310,720 cellsarrow_forwardThe high rate of bacterial metabolism requires a high surface to volume ratio. Why does the surface/ volume ratio affect the maximum metabolic rate ? Could you explain clearly ?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are true regarding the metabolome, the proteome, the genome, and the transcriptome? The number of genes found in the genome equals the number of different proteins that can be made within any give cell. The number of transcription products equals the number of proteins that can be made from these transcription products. The number of genes found in the genome equals the number of different transcription products that can be made within any given cell. The metabolome is encoded by the genome. None of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the two carbon sources, glucose or acetate, is more advantageous for the cultivation of E.coli bacteria? Why?arrow_forwardMany pathogenic bacteria are unable to make some of the metabolic compounds needed for growth and have instead evolved enzymes that enable the bacteria to actually invade human body cells. What do these bacteria expect to accomplish by this practice?arrow_forward
- As a clinical microbiologist, your job is to identify an infectious bacterial strain isolated from a patient. Phenotypically, you have discovered that the new bacterial strain can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. By growing the strain in glucose carbohydrate tubes, you found that the organism is positive for glucose fermentation. After genome sequencing and biochemical analysis, you know that your organism is capable of making all of the enzymes necessary for glycolysis, and that it contains a TCA cycle and an electron transport chain.arrow_forwardImagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea?arrow_forwardWhy did 40% of the human population evolve to tolerate lactose? Lactose tolerance allows people to enjoy a wide variety of food, including milk, butter, ice cream, and cheese. People who have an intolerance experience physical pain, so a tolerance evolved to avoid that. Babies rely on milk to survive, so they need to be able to tolerate lactose. Within cultures that rely on milk-producing animals, individuals who tolerated lactose had a survival advantage.arrow_forward
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