Principles of Microeconomics (MindTap Course List)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305971493
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 7PA
Sub part (a):
To determine
The impact of tax on the gasoline to reduce air-pollution.
Sub part (b):
To determine
The impact of tax on the gasoline to reduce air-pollution.
Sub part (c):
To determine
The impact of tax on the gasoline to reduce air-pollution.
Sub part (d):
To determine
The impact of tax on the gasoline to reduce air-pollution.
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Congress and the president decide that the United States should reduce air pollution by reducing its use of gasoline. They impose a $ 0.50 tax for each gallon of gasoline sold.
Should they impose this tax on producers or consumers? Explain carefully using a supply-and-demand diagram.
If the demand for gasoline were more elastic, would this tax be more effective or less effective in reducing the quantity of gasoline consumed? Explain with both words and a diagram.
Are consumers of gasoline helped or hurt by this tax? Why?
Are workers in the oil industry helped or hurt by this tax ? Why ?
The government decides to reduce air pollution by reducing the use of petrol. It imposes £0.50 tax for each litre of petrol sold.a. Should it impose this tax on petrol companies or motorists? Explain carefully, using a supply and demand diagram.
b. If the demand for petrol were more elastic, would this tax be more effective or less effective in reducing the quantity of petrol consumed? Explain with both words and a diagram.c. Are consumers of petrol helped or hurt by this tax? Why?d. Are workers in the oil industry helped or
41. The Government decides that it is time to reduce air pollution by reducing the usage of gasoline. They impose a 1000 VND tax on each liter of gasoline sold.
a.Should they impose this tax on producers or consumers? Explain carefully using a supply-and-demand diagram.
b.If the demand for gasoline were more elastic, would this tax be more effective or less effective in reducing the quantity of gasoline consumed? Illustrate your answers with a diagram.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Principles of Microeconomics (MindTap Course List)
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- Suppose the price elasticity of demand for smartphones is 0.5 (absolute value), while the price elasticity of supply is 1.9. If the government imposes a per-unit tax of $100 on the sellers of smartphones, how will the price and quantity transacted of smartphones change? Will the sellers or the buyers bear a larger tax burden? Will the market be able to achieve economic efficiency after the tax is imposed? Explain with a diagram.arrow_forwardThe demand for salt is price inelastic and the supply of salt is price elastic. The demand for caviar is price elastic and the supply of caviar is price inelastic. Suppose that a tax of $1 per kilogram is levied on the sellers of salt and a tax of $1 per kilogram is levied on the buyers of caviar. Who would we expect to have to pay most of these taxes? Question 29Answer a. the sellers of salt and the sellers of caviar b. the buyers of salt and the buyers of caviar c. the sellers of salt and the buyers of caviar d. the buyers of salt and the sellers of caviararrow_forwardSuppose the market for cigarette is competitive. An economist estimates the price elasticity of demand and supply for cigarette are -0.8 and 0.7 respectively. Suppose the government imposes a per-unit tax of $45 Some economists believe that a sales tax, in general, is undesirable. Explain. Despite this, why do most countries still impose a tax on cigarette? Explain plausible arguments.arrow_forward
- 1. The equilibrium price of juice was initially $1.80 per bottle, and the equilibrium quantity was 8,000 bottles per day. When the government imposed a tax of $0.50 per bottle, the price went up to $2.18 per bottle, and quantity fell by 12%. A) How much of the tax (in $/bottle) are the buyers paying? B) How much of the tax (in $/bottle) is shouldered by the sellers? C) After the tax is imposed, how many bottles will be consumed?arrow_forwardSuppose a local government votes to impose an excise tax of $0.90 per bottle on the sales of bottled water. (Assume that all bottles are identical and residents cannot shop elsewhere.) Before the tax the equilibrium price and quantity are $1.20 and 2000 bottles per day. After the tax is imposed, market equilibrium adjusts to a price of $1.70 and quantity of 1300 bottles per day. a. Draw the supply and demand diagram before and after the excise tax is imposed. 1.) Using the line drawing tool, plot the original and new supply curves and label the lines properly. 2.) Using the point drawing tool, indicate the original and new equilibrium points and label these points properly. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. Price ($ per bottle) 3.00 2.80- 2.60- 2.40- 2.20- 2.00- 1.80- 1.60- 1.40- 1.20- 1.00- 0.80- 0.60- 0.40- 0.20- 0.00+ 0 1000 2000 Quantity (bottles per day) 10 3000arrow_forwardIf a tax of 75¢ a cup is introduced, what is the price of a cup of coffee and how much coffee is bought? Who pays the tax?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the relationship between elasticity and tax incidence are true ? Choose one or more:A. A tax on a good for which both demand and supply are relatively inelastic will cause a relatively large transfer of welfare from consumers and producers to the government. B.The incidence of a tax depends on who the tax is placed on. C.If a tax is imposed on a good with a perfectly inelastic demand, then consumers bear the full incidence of the tax. D.When demand is more inelastic than supply, producers bear more of the incidence of a tax. E.When demand is more inelastic than supply, consumers bear more of the incidence of a tax.arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the market for the long-distance bus rides. In the absence of taxes, the equilibrium price of a ride is $5 and the equilibrium quantity is 10 million rides. Suppose that regulator levies an excise tax on bus service providers. The amount of excise tax equals $2 per ride. How many rides will be demanded after the introduction of the excise tax? 7 million 10 million 8 million 9 millionarrow_forwardSuppose a local government votes to impose an excise tax of $1.00 per bottle on the sales of bottled water. (Assume that all bottles are identical and residents cannot shop elsewhere.) Before the tax the equilibrium price and quantity are $1.20 and 1900 bottles per day. After the tax is imposed, market equilibrium adjusts to a price of $1.80 and quantity of 1400 bottles per day. a. Draw the supply and demand diagram before and after the excise tax is imposed. 1.) Using the line drawing tool, plot the original and new supply curves and label the lines properly. 2.) Using the point drawing tool, indicate the original and new equilibrium points and label these points properly. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. CH Price ($ per bottle) 3.00- 2.80- 2.60- 2.40- 2.20- 2.00- 1.80- 1.60- 1.40- 1.20- 1.00- 0.80- 0.60- 0.40- 0.20- 0.00 0 1000 2000 Quantity (bottles per day)arrow_forward
- A controversial issue in managing climate change is the effect of taxes on gasoline. Higher taxes would reduce the after-tax price received by gasoline producers. The price elasticity of the supply of gasoline has been estimated to be 2.0.a. Explain why the price elasticity of supply is positive.b. Suppose that a tax on gasoline reduces the after-tax price of gasoline by 5%. By how much would suppliers reduce gasoline production?c. Compare the effect of the tax on gasoline in the short vis-à-vis long run.arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the market for the long-distance bus rides. In the absence of taxes, the equilibrium price of a ride is $5 and the equilibrium quantity is 10 million rides. Suppose that regulator levies an excise tax on bus service providers. The amount of excise tax equals $2 per ride. What will be consumer’s tax incidence (i.e. extra price increase faced by consumers)? $2 $1 $0 $0.50arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the market for the long-distance bus rides. In the absence of taxes, the equilibrium price of a ride is $5 and the equilibrium quantity is 10 million rides. Suppose that regulator levies an excise tax on bus service providers. The amount of excise tax equals $2 per ride. Calculate the tax revenue. $12 million $8 million $16 million $9 millionarrow_forward
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