Concept explainers
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
- Using the descriptions of the attributes given in the following figure, how to convert the ERD into a dependency diagram that is in at least 3NFarrow_forwardConvert ERD into dependency diagram that is in at least 3NF.arrow_forwardUse the following diagram relation to perform the normalization. You need to provide the Dependency Diagram and 1NF.arrow_forward
- The below data is in first normal form (1NF). Normalise the data to second normal form (2NF), showing all steps with explanations. All steps and the final answer must be in dependency diagram format. Primary key: Player ID, Game ID Player Player ID Name 1 Bob 2 2 3 3 Sarah Sarah Liam Liam Player Nickname Rogue Game ID Game Name World of 2 Warcraft World of 2 Warcraft Warcraft 1 1 Wolverine 1 Wolverine 2 Professor 1 Professor 3 Genre ID III World of 2 Warcraft StarCraft 1 || Genre Description MMO MMO Strategy MMO Strategy Normalise the answer from Q.5.2 to third normal form (3NF), showing all steps with explanations. The final answer must be in dependency diagram format.arrow_forwardThe below data is in first normal form (1NF). Normalise the data to second normal form (2NF), showing all steps with explanations. All steps and the final answer must be in dependency diagram format. Primary key: Player ID, Game ID Player Player ID Name 1 Bob 2 2 3 3 Sarah Sarah Liam Liam Player Nickname Rogue Game ID Game Genre Name ID World of 2 Warcraft World of 2 Warcraft Warcraft 1 Wolverine 1 Professor 1 Wolverine 2 Professor 1 3 ||| World of 2 Warcraft StarCraft 1 || Genre Description MMO MMO Strategy MMO Strategy Normalise the answer from to third normal form (3NF), showing all steps with explanations. The final answer must be in dependency diagram format.arrow_forwardModify the dependency diagrams you created in #1 to produce a set of dependency diagrams that are in 3NF. (Hint: One of your dependency diagrams should be in 3NF but not in BCNF.)arrow_forward
- Normalise this to third normal form, showing all steps and explanations. The final answer must be in dependency diagram formatarrow_forwardGiven the dependency diagram below, create the set of dependency diagrams that would represent the model in 3NF. Each dependency diagram in the answer should be composed of elements with the same color as shown next to the dependency diagram. Be certain to put the elements in the dependency diagram in alphabetical order. Behavior of Answer Shape/Pocket:Shapes can be in any pocket, or in initial position.arrow_forwardGiven the dependency diagram below, create the set of dependency diagrams that would represent the model in 3NF. Each dependency diagram in the answer should be composed of elements with the same color as shown next to the dependency diagram. Be certain to put the elements in the dependency diagram in alphabetical order. Behavior of Answer Shape/Pocket: Shapes can be in any pocket, or in initial position.arrow_forward
- Table 4-8 shows a portion of a shipment table for a large manufacturing company. Each shipment (identified by Shipment#) uniquely identifies the shipment Origin, Destination, and Distance. The shipment Origin and Destination pair also uniquely identifies the Distance. Question: a. Develop a diagram that shows the functional dependencies in the SHIPMENT relation. b. In what normal form is SHIPMENT? Why? c. Convert SHIPMENT to third normal form if necessary. Show the resulting table(s) with the sample data presented in SHIPMENT.arrow_forwardLab 3: Normalization Assignment: Problem #11 from Chapter #6. (Be sure to note that this is PROBLEM and not REVIEW QUESTION). Normalize a set of data to 1st, 2nd and 3rd normal form by creating relational schemas, dependency diagrams and an Entity Relationship Diagram (crow’s foot notation). For this lab, complete problem #11 in Chapter 6. Be sure to complete each letter (a thru c) for the problem. The ERD for letter cmust be completed with the use of Microsoft Visio. Remember to include headers on all documents you submit to include a brief descriptive title, your name and a date. Question 11: Given the sample records in the CHARTER table shown in Table P6.11, do the following: Write the relational schema and draw the dependency diagram for the table structure. Make sure that you label all dependencies. CHAR_PAX indicates the number of passengers carried. The CHAR_MILES entry is based on round-trip miles, including pickup points. (Hint: Look at the data values to determine the…arrow_forwardSo, what exactly is a dependency diagram and how does it work?arrow_forward
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