21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 6, Problem 28QP
To determine
Even the Galileo viewed moon in 1610 with his telescope, the reason why humans were able to observe the far side of Moon in 1959 only.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1ACYUCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1BCYUCh. 6.2 - Prob. 6.2CYUCh. 6.3 - Prob. 6.3CYUCh. 6.4 - Prob. 6.4CYUCh. 6.5 - Prob. 6.5CYUCh. 6 - Prob. 1QPCh. 6 - Prob. 2QPCh. 6 - Prob. 3QPCh. 6 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 6 - Prob. 5QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6QPCh. 6 - Prob. 7QPCh. 6 - Prob. 8QPCh. 6 - Prob. 9QPCh. 6 - Prob. 10QPCh. 6 - Prob. 11QPCh. 6 - Prob. 12QPCh. 6 - Prob. 13QPCh. 6 - Prob. 14QPCh. 6 - Prob. 15QPCh. 6 - Prob. 16QPCh. 6 - Prob. 17QPCh. 6 - Prob. 18QPCh. 6 - Prob. 19QPCh. 6 - Prob. 20QPCh. 6 - Prob. 21QPCh. 6 - Prob. 22QPCh. 6 - Prob. 23QPCh. 6 - Prob. 24QPCh. 6 - Prob. 25QPCh. 6 - Prob. 26QPCh. 6 - Prob. 27QPCh. 6 - Prob. 28QPCh. 6 - Prob. 29QPCh. 6 - Prob. 30QPCh. 6 - Prob. 31QPCh. 6 - Prob. 32QPCh. 6 - Prob. 33QPCh. 6 - Prob. 34QPCh. 6 - Prob. 35QPCh. 6 - Prob. 36QPCh. 6 - Prob. 37QPCh. 6 - Prob. 38QPCh. 6 - Prob. 39QPCh. 6 - Prob. 40QPCh. 6 - Prob. 41QPCh. 6 - Prob. 42QPCh. 6 - Prob. 43QPCh. 6 - Prob. 44QPCh. 6 - Prob. 45QP
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- Suppose you send a probe to land on Mercury, and the probe transmits radio signals to earth at a wavelength of 40.0000 cm. You listen for the probe when Mercury is moving away from Earth at its full orbital velocity of 48 km/s around the Sun. What wavelength (in cm) would you have to tune your radio telescope to detect that signal?arrow_forwardThe Curiosity Rover has recently landed on Mars and likes to send Twitter updates on its progress. If a tweet is posted 13 minutes after it was sent, how far is Curiosity from Earth? (Assume there is no network lag.)arrow_forwardThe spacecraft that have landed on Mars send their information to the Earth via radio waves. How long do these waves take to reach the Earth when (a) Mars is at its closest to the Earth? (b) Mars is farthest from the Earth? This time delay is important for NASA when it sends a spacecraft to Mars.arrow_forward
- Kepler’s First Law: Elliptical Planetary Orbits: The solar system major planet in the most elliptical solar orbit is little Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun. At Perihelion, Mercury’s distance from the Sun (Rp) is 0.31 AU. At Aphelion, Mercury’s distance from the Sun (Ra) is 0.47 AU. The intensity of Sunlight (I) that a planet receives from the Sun is inversely proportional to the square of that planet’s distance from the Sun (R). in other words, I = Constant / R2. Calculate how much more intense the Sunlight received by Mercury is at perihelion (p) than at aphelion (a): Rp2 = Ra2 = Ip / Ia = Ra2 / Rp2 =arrow_forwardMercury's orbit ranges from 46 to 70 million km from the Sun, while Earth orbits at about 150 million km. a. The Sun has a 30-arc-minute diameter viewed from Earth; what range of sizes does it have when viewed from Mercury? When Mercury is 46 million km from the Sun, the Sun has a diameter of When Mercury is 70 million km from the Sun, the Sun has a diameter of arc-minutes. arc-minutes. b. At Mercury's orbital extremes, how many times stronger is the Sun's radiation on Mercury than on Earth? At 46 million km, the Sun's radiation is times stronger than on Earth. At 70 million km, the Sun's radiation is times stronger than on Earth.arrow_forwardVoyager 2. When the Voyager 2 spacecraft was approaching towards its Neptune encounter in 1989, it was 4.5 × 10° km away from the earth. Its radio transmitter, with which it communicated with us (and we communicated with it), broadcast with a mere 22 Watt of power at the S-band (2.1 GHz). (Your home wi-fi router emits around 2 Watt at 2.4 GHz wi-fi band). Assuming the Voyager transmitter broadcast equally in all directions, (a) What signal intensity was received on the earth? (b) What electric and magnetic field amplitudes were detected? (c) How many 2.1 GHz photons were arriving per second on a radio-receiver antenna with a circular cross-section of diameter 34 meters? Two counter-propagating plane waves (a) Let E(z, t) = E0 cos(kz – wt)â + E, cos(kz + wt)x. Write E(z, t) in simpler form and find the associated magnetic field. (b) For the fields in part (a), find the instantaneous and time-averaged electric and magnetic field energy densities. (c) Let E(z, t) = E, cos(kz – wt)x + E,…arrow_forward
- When Mars is 90 million km (9 x 10^10 m) from Earth, a) How long would it take for a radio wave from a video camera mounted on the back of a Mars Rover to tell ground control on earth that the Rover is about to go over a cliff? b) How long would it take for a radio signal from Earth to reach the Rover saying "STOP". c) Why do our Mars Rovers have to be "intelligent" enough to figure out how to deal with obstacles themselves?arrow_forwardK What is the wavelength (in nm) of the most intense radiation emitted from the surface of Mercury at high noon? (Hint: Use Wien's law, Amax = 2.90 x 10° m: K %3D T (in K) nm In which band of the electromagnetic spectrum is that wavelength? (Hint: Examine the following figure.) Visible light Short wavelengths Long wavelengths 4 x 107 5x 107 6x 107 7x 10meters (400 nm) (500 nm) (600 nm) /(700 nm) Wavelength (meters) 10 12 10 10 10 104 102 1 102 104 Gamma- ray Ultra- violet Micro- Radio X-ray Infrared wave UHF VHF FM AM a Opaque Visual window Radio window Transparent Short Wavelength Long b O gamma-ray O X-ray O ultraviolet O visual O infrared O microwave O radio оооо о оо Opacity of Earth's atmospherearrow_forwardImagine a telescope was placed on the planet Mercury and was used to measure the positions of stars in the sky. Assuming Mercury follows a circular orbit with a semi-major axis = 0.387 AU and a period = 88 days, calculate the maximum %3D stellar aberration that would be detected, expressing your answer in arcseconds. Choose the option below that best matches your answer. Select one: Оа. 100 O b. 25 О с 60 O d. 15 O e. 33arrow_forward
- The Hope probe on its journey to Mars took a 7-month period, during which it traveled an estimated distance of 493 million kilometers. What was the distance covered during a 7-day period? 61 8:06 AMarrow_forwardWhile looking through the Mt. Palomar telescope, you discover a large planetary object orbited by a single moon. The moon orbits the planet every 7.35 hours with the centers of the two objects separated by a distance roughly 2.25 times the radius of the planet. Fellow scientists speculate that the planet is made of mostly iron. In fact, the media has dubbed it the ''Iron Planet'' and NASA has even named it Planet Hephaestus after the Greek god of iron. But you have your doubts. Assuming the planet is spherical and the orbit circular, calculate the density of Planet Hephaestus.arrow_forwardThe planet Mercury is closer to the Sun than the Earth is, so it can sometimes come between Earth and Sun. That's called a transit. A transit is like a failed solar eclipse: In a solar eclipse, the Moon gets between Earth and Sun and blocks all sunlight. In a transit, Mercury blocks only a small fraction of the Sun's light because Mercury isn't close enough to us to completely block our view of the Sun. We want to calculate by how much the Sun will be dimmed when such a transit occurs, because that's important to know for satellites which are powered by solar panels (shown hovering around the Earth in the image above). Without Mercury in the way, the radiation intensity that hits the top of the Earth's atmosphere from the Sun is 1,360.8 W/m2 (W stands for Watt, measuring energy transferred per second). The fraction of this intensity that is blocked by Mercury during a transit is equal to the ratio between the cross-sectional area of Mercury (as seen from Earth) and the…arrow_forward
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