The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi , prions, and helminths. Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas, fungi, prions, and helminths.

Concept introduction: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. They are small living forms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. Bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa are the main classification of microorganisms.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not need living tissue to live.
They are classified on the basis of their shape, size, and arrangement.
They are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria cells have organelles and DNA, immersed within cytoplasm. The cell is surrounded by a cell wall.
Bacteria generally reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission.

Virus

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that need a living host cell for replication. Viruses are visible under electron microscope.
Virion is the infective, extracellular form of a virus. Virion consists of nucleocapsid and many animal viruses consist of lipid envelope.

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and mycoplasmas are the three groups of microorganisms that have some similarities with bacteria and viruses. These organisms replicate by binary fission but lack some basic component. They need the presence of living cells for reproduction.

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae lack many enzymes needed for metabolic processes. They exist in elementary body form (EB) and reticulate body (RB) form.
EB is infectious form and possess cell wall and the ability to bind to epithelial cells.
RB form is noninfectious but need the host cell for ATP production and reproduces as an obligate intracellular organism.

Rickettsiae

They are small gram negative organism and an obligate intracellular parasite.
Insect vectors transmit this organism and cause diseases such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma lack cell wall. They are not affected by several antimicrobial dugs.
They are the smallest cellular microbes and can appear in many shapes.

Fungi

They are eukaryotic and their cells have membrane-bound nucleus and cell organelles.
They are heterotrophic and the cells possess cell wall.
They are made up of hyphae that have feathery filaments. A group of hyphae is called mycelium.
They have the ability to live on wide range of environmental conditions.

Prions

They are small proteinaceous infectious particles.
They cause many degenerative disorders that affect the central nervous system.
They are abnormal molecules that stimulate the proteins present within the recipient brain to undergo folding and change of shape.

Helminths

They are generally known as parasitic worms.
They are multicellular and can be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.
Some helminths are transmitted by soil and they infect the gastrointestinal tract.