Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 58, Problem 2TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: An observation was made that 580 species of invertebrates that were bottom-dwelling were found in the lake Baikal in Siberia, which is a very old, temperate and unglaciated lake. An observation was also made that only 4 species of invertebrates that were bottom-dwelling were found in the lake Great Slave, which is a much larger, was glaciated earlier and lies at the same latitude in North Canada.
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Arguments in favor of the overkill hypothesis of megafauna extinctions are
a.
Basically everywhere humans colonized, big animals went extinct
b.
Climate change similar to the end of the Pleistocene happened many times before, and there was no megafauna extinction
c.
In nearly all the Clovis kill sites in North America, mammoth or other megafauna are present
d.
All of the above
The main arguments against the overkill hypothesis of megafauna extinction are
a.
Lots of species other than megafauna went extinct
b.
Rapid climate change destroyed the habitat that the megafauna depended on
c.
Many megafauna in North America went extinct before humans arrived
d.
All of the above
A recent United Nations analysis report gathered data on declines in biodiversity across the world. Using the graphs provided, which statement shows an area of concern and is an alternative to the general hypothesis "Humans are responsible for a significant increase in the extinction rate among species in the world today as a result of damage caused to the environment"?
A. Fertilizer use in developing countries should be encouraged to decrease the extinction rate
B. Decreasing air pollution in the least developed countries would decrease species survival rate
C. Protection of key biodiversity areas should be a priority for developed countries to lower the extinction rate
D. Assisting developing countries with more sustainable methods of extraction of living biomass would increase species survival rates
Chapter 58 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 58.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 58.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 58.3 - Inhibition implies that competition exists between...Ch. 58.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 58.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 58.4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 58.4 - Prob. 2EQCh. 58.4 - CoreSKILL What did the researchers conclude about...Ch. 58.5 - Core Skill: Connections In the two food chains...Ch. 58.5 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 58.5 - Prob. 2CSCh. 58 - Prob. 1TYCh. 58 - Prob. 2TYCh. 58 - Which evidence suggests that more diverse...Ch. 58 - The process of primary succession occurs a. around...Ch. 58 - Prob. 5TYCh. 58 - Prob. 6TYCh. 58 - Prob. 7TYCh. 58 - Prob. 8TYCh. 58 - Prob. 9TYCh. 58 - Prob. 10TYCh. 58 - Prob. 1CQCh. 58 - Prob. 2CQCh. 58 - Core Concept: Systems In the nutrient-poor...Ch. 58 - List some possible ecological disturbances, their...Ch. 58 - Prob. 2COQ
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- The Burmese Python, an invasive species, has been introduced to the Florida Everglades, largely through release by owners who acquired the snakes from exotic pet traders. Though the Everglades are protected, pythons as predators can not be easily controlled. What can be concluded about the effect of the python population on the biodiversity of the Everglades? A. Since the Everglades are protected, python control is limited under laws that protect species in the Everglades. B. Since the python population is growing, it will eventually become a native species and will increase biodiversity. C. Since pythons prey on many species in the Everglades, resources will be more available for surviving species and fewer will be considered endangered. D. Since pythons have no predators, they are responsible for decreasing mammal population and are a greater threat to biodiversity.arrow_forwardSpatial scales are interconnected in a hierarchical way. Whitman looked at invertebrate communities on subtidal rock walls to examine the relationship between local and regional species richness. His studies demonstrated that A. local, not regional, processes determine local community species diversity B. local species richness levels off at high regional species richness levels C. local species richness is determined largely, but not completely, by regional species pools D. local processes are unimportant in determine local community species diversity E. There was no relationship between local and regional species richnessarrow_forwardThe average niche breadth for space resources is wide for species of barnacles in an intertidal community. This pattern would indicate… a. niche overlap is low b. a greater level of competition between species c. coexistence via resource partitioning d. a greater number of species in the community e. high levels of disturbancearrow_forward
- The long-leaf pine forest ecosystem once extended across 95 million acres of the southeastern US. However only 5 million acres now remain causing major declines in the Gopher tortoise population. Given this, what is expected to happen to overall diversity of species that depend on Gopher Tortoise burrows?a. increaseb. decreasec. stay the samearrow_forwardThe graph below shows the population of three different families of marine organisms along five different mass extinction events. Each colour on the graph represents a family of organisms, and the Y axis shows how many species belong to that family. a. What stage of population growth is displayed at point ‘0’ on the graph above? b. The Extinction Event that occurred at point 3 was particularly significant. Using the graph, explain how this event impacted each marine family. c. The extinction events mapped above had significant impact on marine life. What type of event could have a similar impact on the human population?arrow_forwardA biologist determines the growth rate of a population of 198 frogs in a marsh near Beaverhill Lake, Alberta, to evaluate the quality of the environment. The researcher finds that, in one year, 34 were born, 86 died, 12 migrated into the marsh, and there was no emigration. a. frogs are considered an indicator species for the quality of the environment. Determine whether the growth rate of this population in one year is a cause for concern. if so, what might the concerns be?arrow_forward
- Which of these is a true statement?a. Habitat loss is the most frequent cause of extinctions today.b. Exotic species are often introduced into ecosystems by accidental transport.c. Climate change may cause many extinctions but also expands the ranges of other species.d. Overexploitation of fisheries could lead to a complete collapse of the fishing industry.e. All of these statements are true.arrow_forwardQuestion 3 The equilibrium number of species on an island ____________. A) occurs when the extinction rate reaches zero. B) is independent of island size. C) occurs when no more species are able to migrate. D) occurs when immigration equals extinction. Question 4 The loss of energy between trophic levels _______________. A) is caused by the inefficiency of photosynthesis. B) determines the structure of ecosystems. C) depends on the rate of primary production. D) is an apparent violation of the second law of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardWhat do bioarchaeologists do? A. They identify population trends by looking at skeletal material. B. They only look at ancient artifacts to study past populations. C. None of these are correct D. They identify population trends by looking at prehistoric living structures.arrow_forward
- Which statement about zero population growth isoclines of two competing species is true? A. Species coexistence requires that the two isoclines cross. B. The crossing of the two isoclines is a sufficient condition for species coexistence. C. If the species coexist, they will each do so at a higher density than either would if placed alone. D. Strongly competing species can only coexist if the two species have very different carrying capacities. E. Coexistence will occur if the two isoclines are parallel.arrow_forwardslands are well known for having many endemic (unique) species. What is a likely explanation for this pattern? A. Humans bring partly or fully domesticated species with them when they arrive on islands. B. Colonizers encounter fewer competitors on an island, so they can diversify. C. Islands are more complex habitats than continents are, so they have more niches for specializations. D. Colonizers are likely to have more diversity than local populations and thus outcompete them. E. The type of organism that is a good colonizer has more than the average amount of genetic variability, so it's more likely to speciate.arrow_forwardThe purpose of the study described in this article was to: a. investigate the effect of increasing sea surface temperature on the change in tropical and temperate invertebrate diversity and density in marine coastal waters. b. determine the mechanism by which marine heat waves cause an increase in the mortality of aquatic invertebrates. c. determine the best way to protect declining invertebrate species in marine coastal waters. d. examine the changes in the interactions between molluscs and echinoderms over time in Western Australian coastal waters. article reference: Responses of intertidal invertebrates to rising sea surface temperatures in the southeastern Indian Ocean by Fred E. Wellsarrow_forward
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