Concept explainers
Videos
Studies that demonstrate that species living in an ecological community change independently of one another in space and time
a. indicate that the species arrived in the community at different times.
b. indicate that the species’ realized niches are regulated by different aspects of the environment.
c. suggest species interactions are the sole determinant of which species coexist in a community.
d. None of the choices is correct.
Introduction:
An ecological community is defined as the naturally occurring group of native plants, animals and other organisms in a biological system. All the organisms are interacting with each other in a unique habitat. Their structure, composition and distribution are determined by changes in environmental conditions such climacteric conditions, altitude, and climate and water availability.
Answer to Problem 1U
Correct answer:
The species living in an ecological community changes independently of one another in space and time shows that the species realized niches that are regulated by different aspects of the environment. Therefore, option b. is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct statement
A niche is defined as the fitness of species that can survive under specific environmental condition. It describes that how organisms in a population use natural resources for their survival. Realized niche is the actual set of environmental condition which involves the presence and absence of other species, so that species can establish a stable population.
Option b. is given as “indicate that the species’ realized niches are regulated by different aspects of the environment”.
As, “the realized niche of a species are smaller in size because of interspecific interactions”, is the right answer.
Hence, option b. is correct.
Reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option a. is given as “indicate that the species arrived in the community at different times”.
During evolutionary changes different species are evolved due environmental conditions that tend to adapt that environment. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option c. is given as “suggest species interactions are the sole determinants of which species coexist in a community”.
Species are evolved by the changes in environmental factors and they adapt that change to survive and produce their offspring. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option d. is given as “None of the choices are correct”.
Species in a community are evolved with time and space. For their survival they also use natural resources. So, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options a., c. and d. are incorrect.
An ecological community is composed of different types of population that are interacting with one another. There are four levels that are involved in ecology such as organism, population, ecosystem and community.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 56 Solutions
Biology
- Under what conditions can the realized niche of a species exceed its fundamental niche? a. never b. when the species is transported out of its natural geographic range c. when the species experiences mutualistic interactions with another species d. when the species is relieved of competition with another species e. all of the above (except for never)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the competitive exclusion concept? a. multiple species can’t share the exact same niche within a community b. the realized niche of a species is different from its fundamental niche. c. competition within a population results in the success of the best-adapted individuals. d. two species cannot coexist within the same habitat.arrow_forwardCompetitive exclusion occurs under the following conditions: a. when fundamental niches overlap and competition is asymmetric b. when realized niches overlap and competition is asymmetric c. when fundamental niches overlap and competition is symmetric d. when realized niches overlap and competition is symmetric e. when competition is excluded because niches do not overlaparrow_forward
- According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot exist together if they occupy the same niche. Either they diverge their niches so they can coexist or one species will die out.All of the following are consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion EXCEPT Select one: a. Birds and bats both consume flying insects, but birds are active in the day and bats are active at night. b. Two species that share the same niche will exclude other competing species. c. Different bird species forage for insects in different parts of the same tree. d. When two species of Paramecium are grown in the same medium, one strain will eventually eliminate its competitor.arrow_forward1. Species interactions shape biological communities through competition for space, food and mates, and also by predation and symbiotic relationships. a. Define intraspecific competition and give ONE example of how species reduce the competition. b. Define interspecific competition and give ONE example. c. Discuss the TWo types of mimicry adaptations that help some species avoid predation and the role of coloration.arrow_forwardConsider an ecological network consisting of three interconnected habitats (A BCA). Ecologists want to model the occupancy dynamics of a particular species "Species" across these habitats over time using a discrete time discrete state stochastic process. State Space: State 0: Species X is absent from all habitats. State 1: Species X is present in Habitat A State 2 : Species X is present in Habitat B. State 3: Species X is present in Habitat C. State 4: Species X is present in Habitats A&B State 5: Species X is present in Habitats A&C. State 6: Species X is present in Habitats B&C. State 7: Species X is present in All Habitats. Transition Probabilities: Rule 1: The probability of colonizing an adjacent habitat is 0.2. Rule 2: The probability of extinction from a habitat is 0.15. Rule 3: The probability of recolonization of a random habitat is 0.1 A) Draw a schematic diagram of the Markov Process illustrating states and transitions. Define the transition rate matrix forthis discrete time…arrow_forward
- In landscape ecology, the matrix is the area surrounding a habitat patch. The matrix can affect a species living in the habitat patch by altering: O A. Dispersal between patches B. The availability of resources C. The abiotic environment in patches D. Our appreciation of Keanu Reeves' acting skills E. A, B and C are correctarrow_forwardThe average niche breadth for space resources is narrow for a community of intertidal organisms. This pattern would indicate… a. a fewer number of species in the community b. niche overlap is high c. resource partitioning d. high levels of disturbance e. extinction via competitive exclusionarrow_forwardAccording to the competitive exclusion principle,a. one species is always more competitive than another for a particular food source.b. competition excludes multiple species from using the same food source.c. no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time.d. competition limits the reproductive capacity of species.arrow_forward
- When two different species overlap in the same biological niche, they are a in competition with one another. b in a mutualistic interaction. c dependent on one another. d unaffected by one another. e dependent on different food supplies.arrow_forwardAlthough a species might be physiologically able to live under a wide range of resource conditions, competitors may restrict its use of resources in a particular location. This is known as a character displacement. b mutualism. c realized niche. d fundamental niche. e interference competition.arrow_forwardWhat are some conditions that might lead to a mutualistic organism becoming a predator/parasite. Select all that apply. A. Mutualistic nitrogen fixation bacteria might reduce the competitive ability of their host plants in environments with high N availability, because of the energetic costs to the plants of supporting the bacteria B. none of the above C. Mutualistic nitrogen fixing bacteria can become parasites in soil with low nitrogen availability because of the energy costs to the plant of supporting the bacteria D. A mutualist fish species that feeds on ectoparasites of another fish species, might switch to feeding/removing important host tissue or secretions when ectoparasite abundance is too low.arrow_forward
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education