Chapter 5.5, Problem 37E

a.

To determine

To identify: The $f\text{'}\text{'}\text{ for }f\left(x\right)=\sin \left(x^2\right)$ .

Answer to Problem 37E

The required value is $f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)=2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2$

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The given integral is ${\displaystyle \underset{-1}{\overset{1}{\int }}\sin \left(x^2\right)dx}$ .

Consider the given function.

Take the derivative.

  $\begin{array}{c}f\text{'}\left(x\right)=\frac{d}{dx}\sin \left(x^2\right)\\ =2x\cos x^2\end{array}$

Again, take the derivative.

  $\begin{array}{c}f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)=\frac{d}{dx}\left(2x\cos x^2\right)\\ =2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2\end{array}$

Therefore, $f\text{'}\text{'}=2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2$

b.

To determine

To graph: The function $y=f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The given function is $f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)=2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2$ .

Graph:

Draw the graph for the function $f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)=2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2$ .

Step 1: Open ti-83 calculator press Y= key and enter the above equation.

Step 2: Press WINDOW key and set the window as $[-1,1]\text{ by }\left[-3,3\right]$ , press GRAPH key.

The required graph is shown below:

  

Interpretation: The shape of the graph is similar to downward parabola.

c.

To determine

To identify: Why the graph in part (b) suggests that the given function is $\left|f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)\right|\le 3\text{ for }-1\le x\le 1$ .

Answer to Problem 37E

The modulus of function is less than or equal to 3.

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The given function is $f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)=2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2$ .

Consider the given function.

Observe the graph.

  

For $-1\le x\le 1$ the value of $-3\le f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)\le 2$ .

Thus, the modulus value is less than or equal to 3.

d.

To determine

To prove: That the error estimate for Trapezoidal Rule in this case becomes $\left|E_r\right|\le \frac{h^2}{2}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The given function is $f\text{'}\text{'}\left(x\right)=2\cos x^2-4x^2\sin x^2$ .

Proof:

Consider the given function.

If T represents the approximation to ${\displaystyle \underset{a}{\overset{b}{\int }}f\left(x\right)dx}$ given by the Trapezoidal rule, then the errors $E_T$ satisfy.

  $\left|E_T\right|\le \frac{b-a}{12}{h}^2{M}_{f\text{'}\text{'}}$

  $M_{f\text{'}\text{'}}$ , it is maximum value of $\left|f\text{'}\text{'}\right|\text{ on }\left[a,b\right]$ .

Since,

  $\begin{array}{l}\left[a,b\right]=\left[-1,1\right]\\ \left|M_{f\text{'}\text{'}}\right|=3\end{array}$

Thus,

  $\begin{array}{c}\left|E_T\right|\le \frac{1-\left(-1\right)}{12}{h}^2\left(3\right)\\ \le \frac{6}{12}{h}^2\\ \left|E_T\right|\le \frac{h^2}{2}\end{array}$

Hence, proved.

e.

To determine

To prove: That the Trapezoidal Rule error will be less than or equal to 0.01 if $h\le 0.1$ .

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The error estimate for Trapezoidal rule is $\left|E_T\right|\le \frac{h^2}{2}$ .

Proof:

Consider the given information.

If $h\le 0.1$

  $\begin{array}{l}\left|E_T\right|\le \frac{h^2}{2}\\ \le \frac{{\left(0.1\right)}^2}{2}\\ \le 0.005\end{array}$

Thus, error is less than 0.01.

f.

To determine

To identify: How large must n be for $h\le 0.1$ .

Answer to Problem 37E

The required value should be $n\ge 20$ .

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The given integral is ${\displaystyle \underset{-1}{\overset{1}{\int }}\sin \left(x^2\right)dx}$ .

Consider the given information.

It is known that:

  $\begin{array}{c}h=\frac{b-a}{n}\\ \frac{b-a}{n}\le 0.1\\ n\ge \frac{1-\left(-1\right)}{0.1}\\ n\ge 20\end{array}$ .

Thus, the required value should be $n\ge 20$ .