Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 54.2, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction
To review:
Some density-independent and density-dependent features that could check the growth of population of an of bird cohort.
Given:
A cohort life table of an endangered bird species as calculated in Table 1, below.
Table 1: A cohort table representing the expected population of an endangered bird by the year 2035.
Years | Age (x) | Number of female birds (Nx) | Number of female offspring (Nx offspring) | Survivorship (lx) | Fecundity (mx) | lx m x | x l x m x |
2012 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2013 | 1 | 50 | 75 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
2014 | 2 | 40 | 80 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
2015 | 3 | 30 | 60 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
Introduction:
Population growth of a species depends on various factors. One of the important factors is the density of population. Some of the factors that control population growth are density-dependent and some are density-independent.
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If each adult female powerful owl produces 1 female juvenile (F) each year, the adult survival rate (Sa) is 0.8, the juvenile survival rate (Sj) is 0.4, and the population is N2022=1400 adult females and 1400 juvenile females in 2022, what will be the female population size in 2027 (N2027)? Show your calculations. (hint: use excel to set up a model and check your work)
A coyote population in Colorado has 40 individuals, the potential reproductive rate per individual per year is 1.5, and the carrying capacity of the area is 50 coyotes. In the same habitat, the bobcat population has 30 individuals, the potential reproductive rate per individual per year is 2, and the carrying capacity of the area is 100 bobcats. The bobcats depress population growth of coyotes through competition by 0.20, while the coyotes depress population growth of bobcats through competition by 1.1.
What will the population size be for coyotes next year? *Note that this is the other half of the bobcat question, and you need to round your answer to a whole animal.
40
5
45
16
55
To create a survivorship curve for the Andean condor:
Graph Title: Survivorship Curve for Andean Condor
Y-axis: Labeled "Survivorship" with indicators for "Low," "Medium," and "High" levels, ranging from 0 to 100% of the total initial cohort size.
X-axis: Labeled "Life Span" with stages "Young" (0-5 years), "Middle-aged" (6-37 years), and "Old" (38-75 years).
Key Features of the Curve:
Begins high, reflecting near-total survival from birth to maturity due to low mortality and protected upbringing.
remains flat and high through the middle age, indicating sustained low mortality.
shows a steep decline in old age, representing increased mortality as individuals reach the latter part of their lifespan.
Chapter 54 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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